BATTERY SYSTEM AT 220kV

SUBSTATION PUNNAPRA
ANAKHA.M
CONTENTS

 Station Battery
 Important Terms
 Necessity of Battery in Substations
 If Battery fails...
 Battery system at 220kV substation
 Working Principle
 DC Leakage
 Conclusion
 STATION BATTERY-the heart of the
substation

 Station battery is a key equipment in the power system

and its proper selection, installation, operation and
maintenance are vital for the safe and reliable
functioning of the system.

 In substation DC power is generally distributed from a

centralized d.c. power plant.
 Substation DC is used as power supply to Protection
and Control Equipments such as relay ,Switch gears ,
etc 110 V or 220 V system is generally used .
 Communication Battery is of 48 V. It is used to supply
communication equipment such as PLCC, Exchanges,
Protection coupler , RTU etc.
 IMPORTANT TERMS
 Ampere-hour capacity(Ah)
Current multiplied by time to indicate the capacity of the battery (after
connection to 27 degree Celsius).When the cell is discharged at 10 hour rate
to afinal voltage of 1.85V.

 CAPACITY

Ampere-hours that can be discharged from a battery

 CYCLE

One full discharge followed by one full charge of a battery

• NOMINAL VOLTAGE
The nominal value of rated voltage.For lead-acid
batteries,the nominal voltage is 2V per cell
• PARALLEL CONNECTION
Connection of a group of batteries by
interconnecting all terminals of the same polarity.thereby
increasing the capacity of the battery group.
 SERIES CONNECTION
Connection of a group of batteries by
interconnecting terminals of opposite polarity,to increase
the voltage of the battery group.
Necessity of battery in substation

 In case of power outage, we donot want to loose control

on equipments. Since we can only store DC, we use
batteries in substations. You would want to trip or close
some circuit breakers during power failure. So it is
necessary that all the equipments gets control supply.
 Relays in all substations works only on DC. Breakers in
substation also need DC to work. Hence batteries are used
in substations.
If battery fails……..

The heart of a substation is the battery bank. If this were

to fail, this is what could happen:

 An electric utility could expose all feeders associated with the

station to a condition where they could not ever trip in a fault.
 Any backup devices, such as the main breaker on the low-
voltage side or the high-voltage side protection of the power
transformer, would all be inoperative.
BATTERY SYSTEM AT 220kV SUBSTATION
PUNNAPRA
 Thebattery system at 220kV substation Punnapra
consists of two separate battery banks,each consists of
55No.s of 2V,400Ah EXIDE make lead-acid batteries
 Thebattery banks connected with separate battery
charger of IGA Tech and Design and Prototype make.
 Thebattery charger is a Float com Boost charger
(FCBC) having AC input of 415V,3Ph and DC output of
110V,60A with 20 No.s of 110V DC outlets.
WORKING OF BATTERY SYSTEM

The IGA 110V/60A FCBC is meant to provide a pure ripple

free DC supply tcharge the lead acid batteries in various
modes of operation.
 1.1 Float mode of operation
In Float mode, FCBC supplies DC voltage required to drive
the load continuously and it also trickle charges the battery.
 This charged battery acts as a backup to drive the load
when AC mains are OFF.
 As the battery gets charged, its charging current reduces
gradually. The float charger senses the reduction in
charging current and reduces the charging voltage. If the
battery gets drained, the float charger will again increase
the charging voltage and the process continues .
 1.2 Boost mode of operation
 Boost charging involves a high current for short period
of time to charge the battery.
 It is generally used if the battery has been discharged
heavily. Boost charging enables the quick charging of
the depleted batteries
 IB

+
Battery
AC i/p charger
-

I CH Load

IL

I CH = I B+IL
PROTECTION PROVIDED ON
BATTERY CHARGER
 Input MCB
 Load-Battery Isolating Contactor
 DC Overvoltage Trip
 Battery Over Current Control
 MCB’s for load terminals
DC LEKAGE

 Several factors such as climatic changes, air

contamination, aging of cables, aging of equipments and
insulation failure can contribute to ground fault of a DC
supply system.
 DC Leakage can be found by observing the earth
Leakage current.
 The Leakage current should be taken during every hour.
DC EARTH FAULT

 DC Earth fault need to identify and remove as early as

possible to avoid tripping of protection circuits.
 DC Earth fault are frequently occur on FCBC
charger.They should be removed to maintain the
healthiness of Battery bank and Charger.
 TheFCBC charger consists of DC earth fault relay
which senses the Leakage current.
 The DC earth fault relay detects Leakages by measuring
differential current between +ve and –ve terminals.
CONCLUSION

 As all the control and protection of the stations

switchgear work on DC supply it is very essential to
maintain the healtiness of the battery system.
 In order to ensure the healthiness of battery system pilot
cell reading for voltage and water level observation
should be taken in each shift.
THANK YOU