ASSIGNMENT -2

STEEL
AND IT’S
TYPES

SAKSHI SHARMA B.ARCH 2ND YEAR B SECTION

• Steel is basically an alloy of iron and
carbon with a small percentage of
other metals such as nickel,
chromium, aluminum, cobalt,
molybdenum, tungsten etc. Steel is a
hard ductile and malleable solid and
is probably the most solid material
after plastic and iron.

• There are many different types of

steel classified on the basis of the
type of metal used and the
percentage content of the metal in
the particular type of steel.
 PROPERTIES OF STEEL
• LUSTURE: It is a shiny metal with a
very attractive finish.
• MEALLEABLITY: It can be rolled
into sheets, rods, bar, or beams
(roofing, structural) or forged into
different shapes.
• DUCTILITY: It can be stretched and
drawn out into thin wires (wire fences)
or pressed into different shapes.
• STRENGTH: It is a very strong and
resistant to facture (building frames,
security doors, trains, ships.)
• DURABILITY: It is a long lasting
material ( buildings rail line, bridges)
and resistant to wear and tear
(machines and equipment)
• CONDUCTIVITY: It transfers heat
and electricity.
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES OF STEEL

• Bessemer process

• Open hearth process

• Cementation process

• Crucible process

• Duplex process

• L.P. process

• Electrical process
 TYPES OF
STEEL
• High carbon steel

• Mild steel

• Medium carbon steel

• Stainless steel

• high steel

• Cobalt steel Nickel chromium

• Aluminium steel

• Chromium steel
 HIGH-CARBON STEEL

• Simply composed of iron and carbon with a more percentage of carbon in it than iron.

• The presence of excess carbon makes this type of steel is softer than the other types of
steel which contain some percentage of other elements as well.

• Mostly used in the making of wood cutting tools because they can be sharpened easily.
However it cannot be used in the making of tools used for the cutting of hard substances
because it is not hard enough for that purpose. It is also used in the making of axes,
swords, scissors and other cutting tools.
 MILD CARBON
STEEL

• The mild carbon steel just like the high carbon steel is simply composed of
iron and carbon but it has a very low content of carbon in it.

• This steel is used in the making of vehicle frames, panels, boxes, cases and
sheet metal for roofs. It is now also used as a replacement for wrought iron
in the making railroad rails.
 MEDIUM CARBON
STEEL

• The medium carbon steels have a normal content of carbon that means that they
are not as hard as the high carbon and neither are they as strong the Mild carbon
steel.

• They are used in the making of tool frames and springs.

 STAINLESS STEEL

• Stainless steel is the most resistant and commonly used steel of all the types. It
apart from carbon contains 11% chromium and some amount of nickel. It is
probably the most resistant steel of all the types.

• Although all the types of steel are generally resistant to rust and corrosion, the
stainless steel in particular is resistant to any sort of external attack.

• This steel is used in the making of crockery, wrist watches, kitchen utensils,
cutlery and surgical equipment.
 HIGH SPEED STEEL

• High speed steel is an alloy of steel which may consists of either of the following
metals: tungsten. cobalt, molybdenum or chromium.

• High speed steel is probably the toughest of all the types. The term high speed is
given to it due to the fact that it has the ability to cut the metals.

• Used in the making of drills and tools and power saws.

• The hardness and rigidity of high speed steel depends on the metal used in the
making of the alloy and its percentage of composition in it.
 COBALT STEEL

• Cobalt is much like the high speed steel with an excess of cobalt present in it.

• It might not be as hard as the high speed steel is but it too can drill through
certain types of metals. The drill tools made of cobalt steel have a touch of brown
color.

NICKEL CHROMIUM STEEL

• Nickel chromium steel is has is a special type of steel which is shock resistant
apart from being strong therefore it is commonly used as an armor plate.
 ALUMINUM
STEEL
• Aluminum steel is smooth steel with a high content of aluminum. Because
of its strong and smooth surface it is used in the making of furniture.

CHROMIUM
STEEL
• Chromium steels have a high content of chromium and are resistant to
corrosion.

• They are very strong tensile and are elastic in nature. They are used in the
making of Automobile and airplane parts.