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Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
JULIUS CEASAR MAED English
G. ASISTIN COMMUNICATION ARTS
 o
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Gathering DATA
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MEASUREMENT Levels of
Is used more broadly Measurement VARI
and is more INDEPENDENT

appropriately termed  Nominal Scale variable, can take

different values and
 Ordinal Scale can cause
scales of measurement  Interval Scale corresponding
that refers to ways in  Ratio Scale
changes in other
variable.
which
variable/numbers are
defined and 15% 30% 45%
ABLE
DEPENDENT
categorized variable, can take
different values only
in response to an
independent variable.
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research

What is
MEASUREMENT???
Is used more
broadly and is more
appropriately termed
scales of measurement
that refers to ways in
which variable/numbers
are defined and
categorized
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
What is LEVEL of
MEASUREMENT???
It refers to the
relationship among
the values that are
assigned to the
attributes, feelings or
opinion for a
variable.
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
What is VARIABLE???
Is a
characteristic,
number or quality
that increase or
decrease overtime or
takes different values
in different situation.
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
2 basic types of
VARIABLE
1.) INDEPENDENT
Variable.
can take different
values and can cause
corresponding
changes in other
variable.
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
2 basic types of
VARIABLE
2.) DEPENDENT
Variable.
can take different
values only in
response to an
independent variable.
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
4 LEVELS of
MEASUREMENT scale
a.) Nominal Scale
b.) Ordinal Scale
c.) Interval Scale
d.) Ratio Scale
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
Other Example:
What is your hair
color?
o 1 - Black
o 2 - Brown
o 3 - Grey
o 4 - Others
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
Other Example:
What is your monthly
income?
o 1 - Below 20,000
o 2 – Between 20k to 30k
o 3 – Between 30k to 50k
o 4 – Above 60,000
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
b.) ORDINAL scale
At this level, variables
can be ranked-ordered.
Ex. Social class or Status
√ Upper class
√ Middle class
√ Lower class
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
Other Example:
How do you feel today?
o 1 - Very Unhappy
o 2 – Unhappy
o 3 – Ok
o 4 – Happy
o 5 – Very happy
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
Other Example:
How do you feel today?
o 1 - Very Unsatisfied
o 2 – Unsatisfied
o 3 – Neutral
o 4 – Satisfied
o 5 – Very Satisfied
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
c.) INTERVAL scale
At this level, distance
between attributes , or
categories does have meaning.
Ex. Temperature ( the distance
between 30 & 40 degrees is
same as the distance between
70 & 80 degrees.
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
Example:
Circle the appropriate number
that matches your view most.
I feel Disagre Neutr Agree
employees e al
views have 3
influenced the 1 2
decision taken
by
management
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
d.) RATIO scale
The highest level of
management scale,
possessing the qualities of
nominal, ordinal & interval
scale that has an absolute
zero (a point where none of
the quality being exist).
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
Example:
The difference between
10 & 15 minutes is the
same as the difference
between 25 & 30 minutes
and 30 minutes is twice
long as 15 minutes.
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
COMPARISON of SCALES
PROVIDES NOMINAL ORDINAL INTERVAL RATIO
“Counts” aka Frequency
distribution √ √ √ √
Mode and Median
√ √ √
The “order” of values is
known
Can quantify the difference
√ √ √
between each value
√ √
Can add or subtract
values
Can multiply and divide
√ √
values √
Has “True Zero”
√
 Measurement:
Levels of Measurement
Methods
C.b.4.f.1-2 of
Research
COMPARISON of SCALES
Indicates Indicates
SCALE Indications
Difference
direction of
difference
amount of
difference
Absolute
zero

NOMINAL √
ORDINAL √ √
INTERVAL √ √ √
RATIO √ √ √ √
 o METHODS
Gathering DATA
f Methods of
C.b.4.f.1-2
Research
t
THANK Dr. ELIZABETH
YOU!!! o F. EPISCOPE
A.Y
2019-2020