Dasar-Dasar Kesehatan Lingkungan

dr. Ima Maria, MKM

Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jambi

 Definition
American Public Health Association:
• Environmental health is the branch of public health that: focuses on the
relationships between people and their environment; promotes human
health and well-being; and fosters healthy and safe communities.
• Environmental health is a key part of any comprehensive public health
system.

APHA (American Public Health Association). Environmental Health [Internet]. [cited 2020 Sep 6]. Available from: https://www.apha.org/topics-and-issues/environmental-health
 Definition – cont’
NEHA:
• Environmental health is the science and practice of preventing human
injury and illness and promoting well-being by
• identifying and evaluating environmental sources and hazardous agents and
• limiting exposures to hazardous physical, chemical, and biological agents in air,
water, soil, food, and other environmental media or settings that may adversely
affect human health.

NEHA (The National Environmental Health Association). Definitions of Environmental Health | National Environmental Health Association: NEHA [Internet]. [cited 2020 Sep 6]. Available from:
https://www.neha.org/about-neha/definitions-environmental-health
 Definition – cont’
WHO:
• Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors
external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviours. It encompasses
the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect
health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive
environments. This definition excludes behaviour not related to environment, as well
as behaviour related to the social and cultural environment, and genetics.

WHO. World Health Organization, Environmental health [Internet]. [cited 2020 Sep 6]. Available from: http://origin.searo.who.int/topics/environmental_health/en/
Scope of Environmental Health
• Water supplies
• Waste water treatment
• Waste management
• Vector control
• Prevention and control of land pollution
• Food hygiene and safety
• Air quality management
• Environmental radiation hazards
• Occupational health and safety
• Environmental noise management
• Accommodation establishment
• Environmental impact assessments
• Port health
• Accident prevention
• Environmental health aspects of public
recreation and tourism
• Environmental health measures associated
with epidemics, emergencies, disasters and
migrations of populations
• Establishment of an effective environmental
health surveillance and information system
• Research on environmental health issues
 Disease Causation
• Agent originally referred to an infectious microorganism or pathogen: a virus,
bacterium, parasite, or other microbe. Over time, the concept of agent has been
broadened to include chemical and physical causes of disease or injury. 
• Host refers to the human who can get the disease. Opportunities for
exposure are often influenced by behaviors such as sexual practices,
hygiene, and other personal choices as well as by age and sex. Susceptibility
and response to an agent are influenced by factors such as genetic
composition, nutritional and immunologic status, anatomic structure,
presence of disease or medications, and psychological makeup.
• Environment refers to extrinsic factors that affect the agent and the
opportunity for exposure. Environmental factors include physical factors
such as geology and climate, biologic factors such as insects that transmit
the agent, and socioeconomic factors such as crowding, sanitation, and the
availability of health services.

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Principles of Epidemiology | Lesson 1 - Section 8 [Internet]. [cited 2020 Sep 6]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/CSELS/DSEPD/SS1978/Lesson1/Section8.html#TXT116
 Health determinants

Source: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/229606313.pdf
TEORI SIMPUL
(DINAMIKA KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN)
Pengukuran parameter kesehatan
lingkungan
• Pada simpul A: pengukuran pada sumbernya (pengukuran emisi)
• Pada simpul B: pengukuran komponen penyebab sakit pada ambient
• Pada simpul C: pengukuran pada spesimen tubuh manusia (biomarker
atau bioindikator)
• Pada simpul D: sudah terjadi outcome berupa kejadian penyakit, misal
jumlah penderita keracunan
Prüss-Üstün A, Wolf J, Corvalán C, Bos R, Neira M. Preventing disease through healthy environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks. World Health Organization; 2016.
Prüss-Üstün A, Wolf J, Corvalán C, Bos R, Neira M. Preventing disease through healthy environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks. World Health Organization; 2016.
Prüss-Üstün A, Wolf J, Corvalán C, Bos R, Neira M. Preventing disease through healthy environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks. World Health Organization; 2016.
Indicative linkages between environmental
risk factor and disease or injury
• 111 (137 OF 176)
UN set out a vision for a world
free from poverty, hunger and
disease.
Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) 
PERMENKES Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 tentang Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat

• Merupakan pendekatan untuk merubah perilaku higiene dan sanitasi melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat
dengan metode pemicuan
• Tujuan: mewujudkan perilaku masyarakat yang higienis dan saniter secara mandiri dalam rangka
meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang setinggi-tingginya.
• 5 Pilar STBM:
• Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan;
• Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun;
• Pengelolaan Air Minum dan Makanan Rumah Tangga;
• Pengamanan Sampah Rumah Tangga; dan
• Pengamanan Limbah Cair Rumah Tangga.
Tugas Menulis
• Membuat tulisan ilmiah, yang berisikan bagaimana faktor lingkungan berkontribusi pada
suatu penyakit. Silahkan memilih jenis penyakitnya sendiri. Ceritakan dengan detail dengan
landasan dan bukti ilmiah.
• Cantumkan sitasi (sumber) dan daftar referensi. Tidak diperkenankan sumber dikutip dari
tulisan non-ilmiah.
• Format penulisan: Kertas A4, Times New Roman 12, spasi 1,5, margin normal.
• Tidak ada pembatasan minimal dan maksimal halaman.
• Pengumpulan tugas tgl 21 September 2020 via email: imamaria,md@gmail.com