MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION

TOPIC: APPLICATIONS & NETWORKING

TERMINOLOGY
 MEDIA TYPES

MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS @ KYU 2021

COMMUNICATION MODES

MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS @ KYU 2021

 COMMUNICATION MODES

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 NETWORKS TYPES
• Types of information stream associated with the different media types are:
1. Continuous mode 2. Block mode
• There are TWO types of communications channel associated with the various
network types they are:
• 1. Circuit-mode:
• operates in a time-dependent way, also called as Synchronous communications
channel as it provides a constant bit rate service at a specified rate.
• 2. Packet-mode:
• operates in a time-varying way, also called as Asynchronous communications
channel provides a variable bit rate service - actual rate is determined by the
variable transfer rate of packets across the network.
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 CIRCUIT MODE

MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS @ KYU 2021

 CIRCUIT MODE
Step1: The source must set up the connection first through the network.
Step2: Each subscriber terminal has a unique network wide address and to make a
call the source first enters this number of the intended communication partner.
Step3: The local switching office uses this number to set up a connection.
Depending on the availability of the destination the connection will be established.
Step4: Finally at the end of information exchange the call will be terminated by the
source or the destination.

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PACKET MODE – connection oriented

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PACKET MODE – connectionless

MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS @ KYU 2021

 Multipoint Conferencing
• Multipoint conferencing is implemented in one of two ways
• - Centralized mode - Decentralized mode
• Centralized Mode is used with circuit switched networks such as
PSTN and ISDN - central server is used.
• Prior to sending any data each terminal needs to set up a connection to
the server.
• The terminal then sends the data to the server.
• The server distributes the data to all the other terminals connected in
the conference.
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 Centralized mode
• With this mode a central server is used

•Prior to sending any information each

terminal needs to set up a connection to the
server
• The terminal then sends the information to
the server.
•The server then distributes this information
to all the other terminals connected in the
conference
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 Decentralized mode
•Decentralized mode is used with packet-switched networks that support multicast communications.
• E.g – LAN, Intranet, Internet
•Output of each terminal is received by all the other members of the conference/multicast group -
conference server is not required - each terminal is responsible to manage the information streams
they receive from other members.

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 Hybrid Mode

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 Types of conferences
• 1. Data conferencing :
• Involves data only. Ex.: include data sharing and computer-supported cooperative working.
• 2. Audio conferencing
• Involves audio (speech) only.
• 3. Videoconferencing
• Involves speech and video synchronized and integrated together
• 4. Multimedia conferencing
• Involves speech, video, and data integrated together
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 Network QoS
• Definition: “Operational parameters associated with a communications channel
through a network collectively determine the suitability of the channel in relation
to its use for a particular application”.
• QoS parameters are different for circuit-switched and packet-switched networks.
• Circuit-switched network are
• 1. Bit rate
• 2. Mean bit error rate
• 3. Transmission delay

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 Bit rate
• In digital telecommunication, the bit rate is the number of bits that pass a
given point in a telecommunication network in a given amount of time,
usually a second.
• A bit rate is usually measured in some multiple of bits per second.
• The term bit rate is a synonym for data transfer rate (or simply data rate).
• Probability of a block containing bit error – PB=1- (1– P)N
• P = probability of BER ; N = no. of bits in a block.
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 Mean bit error rate
• Probability of a bit being corrupted during its transmission across the
channel in a defined time interval.
• For constant bit rate channel: Mean BER is the probability of a bit being
corrupted in a defined number of bits Mean BER of 10-3 means, on average
for every 1000 bits that are transmitted, 1 of these bits is corrupt.
• Some applications providing the occurrence of bit errors is relatively
infrequent their presence is acceptable while in other applications it is
imperative that no residual bit errors are present in the received information.
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 transmission delay
• Associated with the channel is determined by:
• 1. Bit rate used
• 2. Delays occur in the terminal/computer network interfaces (codec delays) + propagation
delay of the digital, as they pass from source to destination, across the network.
• Propagation delay:
• In each case is independent of the bit rate of the communication channel. Assuming codec
delay remains constant; propagation delay remains same whether bit rate is 1kpbs, 1Mbps,
or 1Gbps.

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 PACKET SWITCHED NETWORKS
• QoS parameters – associated with a packet-switched network include
• 1. Maximum packet size
• 2. Mean packet transfer rate
• 3. Mean packet error rate
• 4. Mean packet transfer delay
• 5. Worst-case jitter
• 6. Transmission delay
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 Applications QOS
• Network QoS parameters define what the particular network being used
provides rather what application requires.
• Application has its own QoS parameters requirement associated with it:
• Application involving images: Ex.: parameters may include minimum
image resolution and size.
• Application involving video: Ex.: parameters may include digitization
format and refresh rate.
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 Applications QOS
• Application QoS parameters relate to the network include:
• 1. Required bit rate or mean packet transfer rate
• 2. Maximum startup delay
• 3. Maximum end-to-end delay
• 4. Maximum delay variation/jitter
• 5. Maximum round-trip delay
• Applications involving
• transfer of constant bit rate stream: Parameters important are:
• Required bit rate/mean packet transfer rate
• End-to-end delay
• Delay variation/jitter (can cause problem – in the destination decoder – if the rate of arrival of the bit stream is variable)

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 Applications QOS
• For interactive applications following points are prime factor:
• Startup delay:
• Round-trip delay:
• For applications involving, transfer of constant bit rate stream:
• For interactive applications connection-less packet-switched network is appropriate
• For PSTN and ISDN:
• For cable modem:
• Typical bit rate of shared channel:
• Cable modems:
• For interactive applications:
• For constant bit rate applications:
• Buffering
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 Applications QOS

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 Applications QOS

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