013 WCDMA Access Problems Analysis

Internal
OWJ200203 WCDMA
Access Problems Analysis
ISSUE 1.0
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved
Access is associated with the call setup

success rate of the network. This KPI
can be optimized by means of “Call
setup test” and the consequent trouble-
shooting based on access failure
analysis.
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1
Upon completion of this course, you
will be able to:
Be familiar with the access
procedure in UMTS
Do analysis on access problems
Chapter 1 Analysis Flow of Access Failure
Chapter 2 The Adjust Methods for Access Failure
Chapter 3 Typical access failure cases

2
Section 1 The definitions about Access Failure
Section 2 The drive test data analysis flow
Section 3 The call statistic data analysis flow
The definitions of access failure

Access failure definitions
It will be considered as access failure if any following conditions

satisfied after “RRC connection request” initialed by UE
Receive “RRC Connection Reject” message
UE transmits or receives “RRC Connection Release”
message after receiving “RRC Connection setup”
UE receives any BCCH message in the call setup process
Timer expired, which means UE does not receive “RRC
Connection setup” in 3 seconds after “RRC connection
request” is transmitted.

3
Random access procedure failure UE does not
transmit ”RRC Connection Request” message after dialing
“RRC Connection Setup” message is not received by UE
UE does not receive ”RRC connection setup” message
after “RRC connection request” message is transmitted.
“RRC Connection Setup Complete” message is not transmitted
by UE
UE receives “RRC Connection Reject” message
UE does not receive measurement control message after
transmitting “RRC Connection Setup Complete” message
UE does not transmit “CM service request” message after
measurement control message is received.

UE receives “Service Request Reject” message

UE does not receive ”Call Proceeding” message after
transmitting “CM service request” message
UE does not receive “RB Setup” message after receiving “Call
proceeding” message
UE does not transmit “RB setup complete” message after
receiving “RB setup” message
UE does not receive “Alert or Connect” after transmitting “RB
setup ” message
UE does not transmit “Connect Acknowledge” message after
receiving “Alert or connect” message

4
The drive test data analysis flow

Sub-flows about DT data analysis
Data analysis flow
Paging problems analysis flow
RRC connection request problems analysis flow

5
Data analysis flow
Analysis drive test data
N
Call Fail?
N Received N
Paging
Calling failure? N
problems
paging
Y
Y
RRC Y
connection RRC setup problems
setup failure?
N

Data analysis flow
N
Is ciphering or Ciphering or
Y
authentication authentication
problems
failure?
N
RAB setup Y RAB or RB

failure? setup problems
Due to Y Refer to call drop

handover due to handover
N
Abnormal problems

6
Data analysis flow

Paging problems
After finishing RAB assignment and call setup process (NAS), UE
received “Disconnect” message from CN instead of Alerting
message
The causes of paging problem have following types:
RNC does not transmit paging message
Too lower power allocated for PRACH or PICH
Cell reselection problems

7
Paging problem
RNC N Equipment abnormal

transmit problem
page? Y
UE Y
receive
page N
Power too Y Adjust power
low ? according to
N coverage
Cell Y Optimize cell
reselection reselect parameters
problem ?
N Abnormal
problem

RNC does not transmit paging message

RNC has received the paging message but does not transmit paging
message through Uu interface. The reasons could be:
− Capacity of paging channel is not enough
− Abnormal problem could happen in equipment.
Power allocation PRACH or PICH are too low
UE does not receive paging message if RNC has transmitted.
− The interference is too high comparatively, which result in the poor
receiving signal quality of PRACH or PICH if Ec/Io of PCPICH. In
this case, higher power can be allocated to these two channels
− It could also be the bad coverage if Ec/Io of PCPICH is too poor

8
Cell reselection
UE can not reselect to better cell in time
The cell reselection from 3G to 2G can also be the reason
by the reselection between two LAs.
Data analysis flow

9
RRC connection problems analysis flow
RRC connection setup process includes following steps:
UE transmits “RRC Connection Request” by RACH
RNC transmits “RRC Connection Setup” by FACH
UE transmits ” RRC Connection Setup CMP” by DCH
The reasons for RRC setup failure could be :
Uplink RACH problem
Power allocation for Downlink FACH
Cell reselection parameters
Low initial power of downlink DPCH
Uplink power control
Congestion problem
Equipment abnormal problem

RRC setup problem
Does UE transmit RRC N UE abnormal

connection request? problem
Does RNC receive N

RRC connection adjust PRACH parameters
request?
Does RNC transmit N

RRC connection Other problem
setup?
Y

10
Does UE receive N Does cell N

RRC connection reselection Adjust FACH power
setup happen?
Y
Optimize cell
Y
reselection parameters
Does UE transmit N Adjust downlink initial

RRC connection
transmit power parameter
setup complete
Does RNC receive N Adjust uplink DPCCH open

RRC connection loop power control parameter
setup complete

The possible reasons for RRC connection establishment failure:
RACH
− Usually, it could be the problem on RACH if the RNC does not receive
RRC Connection Request message. Meanwhile, the Ec/Io of CPICH is
normal
The cell reselection parameters
− The improper parameters setting could result in that UE can not stay in
the best cell to initiate the access procedure
Lower power allocation for initial transmission power of downlink DPCH
− The insufficient power of DPCH can cause the out of synchronization.
Uplink initial transmission power
− The initial transmission power of PRACH
− The initial transmission power of uplink DPCH

11
RRC connection
Node B Serving
UE Serving RNS RNC
1. CCCH : RRC Connection Request

RRC
RRC
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
2. Radio Link Setup Request

NBAP
Start RX NBAP
description
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP NBAP
4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup
5. Downlink Synchronisation
DCH - FP DCH - FP
6. Uplink Synchronisation
DCH - FP DCH - FP
Start TX
description
7. CCCH : RRC Connection Set up
RRC RRC
8. Radio Link Restore Indication
NBAP NBAP
9. DCCH : RRC Connection Setup Complete

RRC RRC

12
The call statistic data analysis flow
Check “RAB setup success rate” and “RRC setup success rate” in
traffic statistics data
Get familiar with the network operating situation, and then position the
specific area for the problems
The RRC/RAB setup success rate are calculated by the following
formulas:
Number of RRCs set up in all four QoS s ervices

RRCSetupSu ccRate = × 100 %
Number of RRC reques ts in all four QoS s ervices
Number of RABs set up in all four QoS s ervices
RABSetupSu ccRate = × 100 %
Number of RAB reques ts in all four QoS s ervices
CallSetupS uccRate = RRCSetupSu ccRate × RABSetupSu ccRate × 100 %

Call Statistic Data Analysis Flow chart
Analysis access indices in
RNC call statistic data
Analysis access
index about cell
Check system Y
Solve problem of
alarm equipment abnormal
”RRC setup Y Solve problem of

success rate” is
RRC setup failure
too low

13
Call Statistic Data Analysis Flow chart
RAB setup Y Solve problem of

success rate” is
RAB setup
too low
failure
N
RB setup Y Solve problem of

success rate” is
RB setup failure
too low
N
Y
paging Solve problem of
success rate” paging failure
is too low
Y
over

14
Section 1 project parameters
Section 2 cell parameters
Project parameters
Project parameters main include antenna azimuth, antenna

tilt, antenna gain, antenna direction,etc.
In general, project parameters can be adjusted only in poor

coverage condition.
The influence on the original coverage quality has to be

considered when adjusting the project parameters.

15
Section 1 project parameters
Section 2 cell parameters
Cell parameters
Physical channels parameters
Transmission power of FACH, PCH and PICH
In the edge of cell, UE can not receive the signaling or
service correctly if the transmission power is too low. But on
the contrary, higher transmission power can increase the
interference, which can result in the decline of adjacent
cells capacity
Transmission power of AICH
In the edge of cell, UE can not receive the AI if the power is
too low
PRACH
The maximum times of retransmission for preamble
The power ramping step
The power offset between preamble and message

16
Cell parameters
Qhyst:
This parameter is use to avoid ping-pang cell reselection in
the cell edge. Ping-pang cell reselection will cause signaling
load increase and waste power of UE because of frequent
cell reselection, LA update or URA update.
The parameter value is related to local slowing fade
characteristics.
Treselections
The duration time that target cell signal quality is better than
current camp cell is longer than Treselections. The cell will
be selected to the camping cell.
The parameter is use to avoid ping-pang cell reselection
Cell parameters
Sintrasearch
Sintrasearch is the threshold for intra-frequency cells
measurement. When the RSCP of current cell is less than
Qrxlevmin+2×Sintrasearch, the measurement will be initiated.
It will influence on the rapidity of cell reselection, and then the
access success rate.
This value could be set as great as possible if the UE battery is not
a problem

17
Typical Access Failure Cases

Paging problems
Inappropriate Setting for the power of PCH and PICH

UE can’t receive paging message correctly when PICH and PCH
power are too low. The power could be increased with the poor
network coverage
The paging message is being transmitted while UE is doing LA update
It mainly happens the procedure of inter-system cell reselection.
UE leaves the network without detach procedure
CN does not receive the LA update from UE periodically
UE is out of service area for a long time
Inappropriate operation, such as unplug battery of UE directly, or
SIM card directly

18
Cell reselection problem
UE transmitted RRC Connection Request message twice in different cells

And the interval between them is 1.2s

Cell reselection problem
Reasons
UE did not initiate the reselection in time
Solution methods
The Tselections could be minimized, but the default value is
already the minimum.
Minimize the Qhyst2 value, but the reselection is still not in
time. On the contrary, the ping-pong cell reselection
happened
Do not modify Qhyst2, but increase the Sintrasearch value.
Since the measurement is initiated earlier, the reselection
can happed earlier too.

19
RRC connection problems
The calling success rate and called success rate are greater than 97% from KPI,
but RRC establishment success rate is about 94% from traffic statistic
After analysis, the RRC Connection Request retransmission is the result of
following reasons:
The area with good downlink coverage RNC can not receive the RRC Connection Request
message from UE in uplink
The area with poor downlink coverage UE can not receive RRC Connection Setup from RNC in
downlink
After UE transmits RRC Connection Request After cell reselection, UE retransmits the RRC
message, the cell quality decreased sharply, and UE Connection Request in new cell
has to do cell reselection immediately
Other reasons Cell phone abnormal

UE dose not transmit RRC Connection Request after
receiving paging

RRC connection problems
Solution
Adjust the maximum preamble retransmission times from 8 to 20
Increase the transmission power of PRACH and FACH
Experimental conclusion
The error of initial preamble transmission power, which is calculated by the
open loop power control, could be +/-9dB, or even +/-12dB
The preamble power climbing step is 2dB, and the error could be +/-1.5dB
If the outside interference is higher 10dB, enough margin should be given
for the preamble transmission power
Increase the FACH power from the default value -1dB to +1dB
Increase the access success rate in the condition that Ec/Io is -14dB

20
RAB or RB establishment problems
Establishment request is refused

The register information in HLR is not identical with the service
request
The request is beyond the ability of UE
If the service request is beyond the ability of UE, SGSN will
renegotiate QoS to initiate a new RAB assignment again till the
ability of UE can satisfy the QoS. Usually, the maximum data rate is
same as the maximum ability of UE
If the maximum ability of UE still can not support the QoS, the RAB
establishment is failed.

Handover problems
Handover can also happen

in the process from RRC
Connection complete to
RAB assignment complete
or RB establishment
complete
The following figure is the

RNC signaling trace for
single UE

21
Handover problems
Cell signaling strength record
From the record, the strength of cell 121 decreased sharply.

Meanwhile, RNC transmitted ActiveSet Update. But UE can not
receive it
To solve this problem, the handover parameters should be adjusted to
make it happen earlier
Thank You
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Internal

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

Access is associated with the call setup

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 1

HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 2

Chapter 1 Analysis Flow of Access Failure

Chapter 2 The Adjust Methods for Access Failure

Chapter 3 Typical access failure cases

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 3

HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

Section 1 The definitions about Access Failure

Section 2 The drive test data analysis flow

Section 3 The call statistic data analysis flow

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 4

The definitions of access failure

It will be considered as access failure if any following conditions

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HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 6

The definitions of access failure

UE receives “Service Request Reject” message

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HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

Section 1 The definitions about Access Failure

Section 2 The drive test data analysis flow

Section 3 The call statistic data analysis flow

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The drive test data analysis flow

Data analysis flow

Paging problems analysis flow

RRC connection request problems analysis flow

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Analysis drive test data

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The drive test data analysis flow

RAB setup Y RAB or RB

Due to Y Refer to call drop

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Data analysis flow

Paging problems analysis flow

RRC connection request problems analysis flow

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The drive test data analysis flow

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RNC N Equipment abnormal

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The drive test data analysis flow

RNC does not transmit paging message

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HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

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The drive test data analysis flow

Sub-flows about DT data analysis

Data analysis flow

Paging problems analysis flow

RRC connection request problems analysis flow

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HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

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The drive test data analysis flow