Presentation On

COMPACTION & TYPES OF

COMPACTION & TYPES OF
COMPACTORS
COMPACTORS

PRESENTED BY
BHAVANI PRASAD G RVCE19MHT015
 INTRODUCTION
A simple ground improvement technique, where the soil is densified through external compactive effort.

Compactive
Effect + Water =

COMPACTION
Necessity Of Compaction
• Compaction improves the engineering properties like shear strength,
density, permeability etc. of the fill.
• It reduces the potential for excessive settlement.
• It reduces the chances of slope stability problems like landslides.
• It reduces the amount of water that can be held in the soil by
decreasing the void ratio and thus helps in maintaining the required
strength.
• It increases the erosion resistance which helps in maintaining the
ground surface in serviceable condition.
Laboratory Compaction Test
REQUIREMENT OF SOIL COMPACTION
• TO INCREASE SOIL STRENGTH
• TO IMPROVE THE STABILITY OF SOIL
• TO REDUCE SOIL PERMEABILITY
• TO REDUCE EROSION DAMAGE
 What are compactors

Why we should use compactors

How are they used

 COMPACTORS
Compactor is a machine or mechanism used to reduce the size of waste material or soil through compaction.

• Light soil compacting equipments • Heavy soil compacting equipments

Light Soil Compacting Equipments
These equipment's are used for soil compacting of small areas only and
where the compacting effort needed is less. Below are light
equipment's for soil compaction.

• Rammers
• Vibro Tempers
• Vibrating Plates
Heavy Soil Compacting Equipments
These compacting machines are used for large areas for use on
different types of soils. The heavy compaction equipments are selected
based on moisture content of soil and types of soil.
• Smooth Wheelers Rollers
• Sheepsfoot Roller
• Pneumatic Tyred Rollers
• Grid Rollers
• Pad Foot / Tamping Rollers
 Rammers
Load Applied :- Impact Load
Base Size of Rammers:-15cm x 15cm or 20cm x 20cm or
more
Equipment :-This equipment is light and can be hand or
machine operated.
Use Of Equipment:- Rammers for soil compaction
Weight varies:- 30kg to 10 tonnes. These hammers with 2- 3
tonnes weights are allowed to free fall from a height of 1m
to 2m on the soil for the compaction of rock fragments.
Suitable:- Compacting cohesive soils as well as other soil
Cost :- 30kgs Rammer ₹68000
Vibro Tampers
Vibro tampers is used for compaction of
small areas in confined space.
Working :-This machine is suitable for
compaction of all types of soil by vibrations
set up in a base plate through a spring
activated by an engine driven reciprocating
mechanism.
Weight :-50 and 100 kg
Cost of Vibro Tempers ₹58000
 Vibro Tampers Are Used
Where How
Vibrating Plate Compactors
 Vibrating plate compactors are
used for compaction of coarse
soils with 4 to 8% fines.
 Equipment:- Used for small
areas.
Weight:-100 kg to 2 tonne
Plate area:- 0.16 m2 and 1.6 m2.
Cost :- ₹90000
CONCRETE COMPACTING
 Smooth Wheelers Rollers
Used:- Most suitable soils for these roller type are well graded sand, gravel,
crushed rock, asphalt etc. where crushing is required.
These are used on soils which does not require great pressure for compaction.
These rollers are generally used for finishing the upper surface of the soil. These
roller are not used for compaction of uniform sands.
Performance :- smooth wheeled rollers depend on load per cm width it transfers
to the soil and diameter of the drum. The load per cm width is derived from the
gross weight of the drum.
• (i) Higher compaction level can be achieved with maximum work
• (ii) Compaction can be done up to greater depths
• (iii) Output is many times more than conventional rollers
 Ground coverage :-100%
 Weight:- 8-10 tonnes
 Cost:- ₹ 22.5 lakhs, ₹ 5000/day
 Optimum Working speed:- 3 to 8 Km/hr
 Passes of Compacting 20cm layer:- 8
 Two Types :- Steam and Diesel
 The maximum grade a road roller can climb
is 1 in 5.
 Compacts effectively only to 200-300 mm;
therefore, place the soil in shallow layers
(lifts)
pacts effectively only to 200-300
HOW IT WORKS
 Sheepsfoot Roller

• Sheepsfoot rollers are used for compacting fine grained soils such as heavy clays and silty clays.
Sheepsfoot rollers are used for compaction of soils in dams, embankments, subgrade layers in pavements
and rail road construction projects.

• Generally this roller is used for compaction of subgrade layers in road and rail projects.
• The weight of drums can be increased as in the case of smooth wheeled rollers by ballasting with water,
wet sand or by mounting steel sections.

• The compaction of soil is mainly due to foots penetrating and exerting pressure on the soil. The pressure
is maximum when a foot is vertical.

• sheepsfoot rollers consist of steel drums on which projecting lugs are fixed and can apply a pressure upto 14kg/sq cm or
more
Ground coverage :-8 to 12%
Weight:- 8-10 tonnes
Cost:- ₹ 40 lakhs, ₹ 6000/day
Thickness of Compacting:-5cm
Passes :- 10 to 20
Pressure:- 14kg/cm2
Pneumatic Tyred Rollers
• Pneumatic tyred rollers are also called as rubber tyred rollers.
• These rollers are least suitable for uniform coarse soils and rocks.
• Generally pneumatic tyred rollers are used in pavement subgrade
works both earthwork and bituminous works.
• The total weight of the roller can be increased from 11.0 tonne to
25.0 tonne or more by ballasting with steel sections or other means.
• Ground coverage :-80%
• Weight:- 6-10 tonnes,can be
increased by 25 tonnes by
ballasting with steel sections
• Cost:- ₹ 60 lakhs, ₹ 9000/day
• Thickness of Compacting:-5cm
• Passes :- 8
• Tyre Pressure:- 7kg/cm2
• Optimum Working speed:- 6to24
Km/hr
Grid Rollers
• These rollers have a cylindrical heavy steel surface consisting of a
network of steel bars forming a grid with squire holes.
• The weight of this roller can be increased by ballasting with concrete
blocks.
• Typical weights vary between 5.5 tonnes net and 15 tonnes ballasted.
Grid rollers provide high contact pressure but little kneading action
and are suitable for compacting most coarse grained soils.
• Ground coverage :-80%
• Weight:- 5-15 tonnes
• Cost:- ₹ 20 lakhs, ₹ 1000/day
• Passes :- 8
• Optimum Working speed:-
5to24 Km/hr
Pad Foot / Tamping Rollers

• These rollers are similar to sheepsfoot rollers with lugs of larger area than
sheepsfoot rollers.
• The static pad foot rollers also called tamping rollers have static weights in the
range of 15 to 40 tonnes and their static linear drum loads are between 30 and
80 kg/cm.
• These rollers are more preferable than sheepsfoot roller due to their high
production capacity, and they are replacing sheepsfoot rollers.
• The degree of compaction achieved is more than sheepsfoot rollers. The
density of soil achieved after compaction with this roller is more uniform.
• These rollers operate at high speeds, and are capable to breaking large lumps.
These rollers also consists of levelling blades to spread the material.
• Weight:- 15 to 40 tonnes.
• Static linear drum loads:-30
to 80kg/cm.
• Suitable:-Cohesive soils.
• Cost:- ₹ 65lakhs ₹ 8000/day
VIDEO OF ALL COMPACTORS
 CONCLUSION
• Working man hours and quantum of work are increased.
• Good quality of work can be maintained
• Saving in project completion time and cost of project
• Better ride quality of embankment can be achieved
• Typical tasks can be performed which are tough for manual labour
• With the invent of compacting equipment's and construction
machinery, a lot of work can be done in a short span of time with
economy.