Cable Line Fault Detection

Department of EEE, University Name, Bangladesh

 Presented By:
Supervised By: Student 1 name
Name of supervisor ID:
Designation Student 1 name
ID
.........
..............
 Outline of Speech
Objectives
Block Diagram
Equipment list
Conclusions
Future works
 Objectives

• This project proposes fault location model for underground power

cable using microcontroller. The aim of this project is to determine
the distance of Cable fault from base station in kilometers. This
project uses the simple concept of Ohm’s law. When any fault like
short circuit occurs, voltage drop will vary depending on the length of
fault in cable, since the current varies. A set of resistors are therefore
used to represent the cable and a dc voltage is fed at one end and the
fault is detected by detecting the change in voltage using an analog to
voltage converter and a microcontroller is used to make the necessary
calculations so that the fault distance is displayed on the LCD display.
And send data to web via Raspberry pi.
Block Diagram
Circuit Diagram
Equipment list
• Arduino UNO
• Voltage Transformer
• Current Transformer
• LCD 20*4
• LM7805
• Resistor
• Raspberry Pi Zero W
 Arduino
• Arduino Uno – an electronic prototyping platform/board based on
Atmega AVR Microcontroller – Atmega328P (8 bits, 16 Mhz)
• Operates on +5 Volts
• 14 Digital I/O Pins (of which 6 are PWM)
• 6 Analog Input Pins
• 32 KB Flash Memory and 1KB EEPROM
• Serial Communication Enabled
 LCD
• Generally speaking, LCD16*2 has parallel ports, that is, it needs to
control several pins at the same time. LCD16*2 can be categorized
into eight-port and four-port connection. If the eight-port connection
is used, then the digital ports of the Sun Founder Uno board are
basically completely occupied. If you want to connect more sensors,
there will be no ports available. Therefore, the four-port connection is
used.
 LM7805
• A voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant
value. 7805 IC, a member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage
regulators used to maintain such fluctuations, is a popular voltage
regulator integrated circuit (IC). The xx in 78xx indicates the output
voltage it provides.
 Resistors
• A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic
circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels,
to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission
lines, among other uses.
 Capacitor
• A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-
terminal electrical component used to store energy electrostatically in
an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all
contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a
dielectric (i.e., insulator). The conductors can be thin films of metal,
aluminum foil or disks, etc. The 'nonconducting' dielectric acts to
increase the capacitor's charge capacity. A dielectric can be glass,
ceramic, plastic film, air, paper, mica, etc
 Current Transformer
• A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to
measure alternating current (AC). It produces a current in its
secondary which is proportional to the current in its primary. Current
transformers, along with voltage or potential transformers, are
instrument transformers.
 Raspberry Pi Zero
• The Pi Zero W is a Mini Computer. It’s has been designed to be as
flexible and compact as possible with mini connectors and an
unpopulated 40-pin GPIO, allowing you to use only what your project
requires. At the heart of the Raspberry Pi Zero W is a 1GHz BCM2835
single-core processor, the same as the B+ and A+, with 512MB RAM.
 CONCLUSION

• This is proposed model of Cable fault distance locator using

microcontroller. It is classified in four parts
• DC power supply part , cable part, controlling part, display part. DC
power supply part consist of ac supply of 230v is stepdown using
transformer, bridge - rectifier converts ac signal to dc & regulator is
used to produce constant dc voltage. The cable part is denoted by set
of resistors along with switches. Current sensing part of cable
represented as set of resistors &switches are used as fault creators to
indicate the fault at each location. This part senses the change in
current by sensing the voltage drop.
 Future works
• In this project we detect only the location of short circuit fault in
Cable line, but we also detect the location of open circuit fault, to
detect the open circuit fault capacitor is used in ac circuit which
measure the change in impedance & calculate the distance of fault.