Riverfront Design Literature and Case Study

IOE
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
PURWANCHAL CAMPUS
DHARAN, SUNSARI
SUBJECT: LANDSCAPE DESIGN AND SITE PLANNING

TITLE: LITERATURE AND CASE STUDY OF RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
DILLESHWOR BISHWOKARMA 073/B-ARCH/08 AR. SASHI KUMAR MANDAL
KESHAV KALIKOTE 073/B-ARCH/O13 AR. PRADIP POKHREL
RAJESH YADAV 073/B-ARCH/23
SANDEEP RIMAL 073/B-ARCH/031
DEFINITION
RIVERFRONT
“In general, a riverfront is the zone of interaction between
urban development’s and the water and a riverfront area is
considered as a unique and irreplaceable resource where it is
the interface between land, water, air, sun and productive
plants. Moreover, the riverfront is characterized as a place
integrating land with water and having a natural attraction to
people
WATERFRONT AS PUBLIC SPACE
 A public space may be a gathering spot or part of a neighborhood, downtown, special district, waterfront, or
other area within the public realm that helps promote social interaction and a sense of community.
trend of water front development

GROUP MEMBERS:
TRIBHUWAN UNIVERSITY/ INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING SUBJECT: LANDSCAPE DESIGN AND SITE PLANNING DILLISHWAR BISHWAKARMA (08)
PURWANCHAL CAMPUS/ DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE KESHAV KALIKOTE (13)
DHARAN TITLE: LITERATURE AND CASE STUDY OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE RAJESH YADAV (23)
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERFRONT AS SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVERFRONT
PUBLIC SPACE
 Dynamic area- Riverfront zone is a dynamic area
 Establish a water’s edge that is continuous, with frequently changing biological, chemical and
publicly accessible and magnificent. general attributes
 Create a network of public spaces that attract and
invite both localities and tourists to riverfront.  Habitat- Riverfront zone include highly productive
 Require design excellence for riverfront public and biologically diverse ecosystems that offer crucial
spaces. Provide a wide-range of public spaces nursery for many species
that foster culture and creativity in our city.
 Ensure all public spaces adhere to a high  Natural defense- Riverfront zone features such as
environmental standard. mangrove forests serves a critical natural defense
 Strengthen connections along the riverfront on against natural hazards
both sides of the river.
 Improve the aquatic habitat and water quality  Pollution moderator- Water ecosystem may act to
along the riverfront and integrate them with river reduce impacts of pollutions originating from land
and stream improvements. such as wetland absorbing excess nutrients ,
sediments, human waste.
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
TYPES OF WATERFRONTS: The Public Waterfront
The Natural Waterfront  The Public Waterfront, including parks, esplanades,
 The Natural Waterfront, comprising beaches, piers, street ends, vistas and waterways that offer
wetlands, wildlife habitats, sensitive ecosystems and public open spaces and waterfront views.
the water itself.
The Working Waterfront The Redeveloping Waterfront

 The Working Waterfront, where water dependent,  The Redeveloping Waterfront, where land uses have
maritime and industrial uses cluster or where various recently changed or where vacant and underutilized
transportation and municipal facilities are dispersed. properties suggest potential for beneficial change.
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
ADVANTAGES & BENEFITS OF RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
 With the development of riverfront there would be creation of jobs in developing the front, jobs as it gives
way to starting up of a host of commercial activities in that region and also indirect job creation associated
with the set of activities.
 Source of revenue for government – government would be able to earn revenue in terms of taxes from the
commercial activities in the region. The commercial activities include shops, restaurants, sport activities,
transportation, boating etc.
 Development of tourism in the region – with the development of riverfront the tourism in the region can be
increased by offering a variety of attractions like water sports, entertainment arenas, parks, shopping areas,
etc.
 Economic spin-off’s – rise in the value of properties in and around the region, acting as a catalyst for
redevelopment and renewal of nearby places
 Habitat protection and restoration Conservation of water in the river Human/Environmental connections •
Conservation and development of land • Conservation of flora and fauna
 Maintenance of river bank.
 Water conservation practices - Development of projects would ensure a proper design of projects in
conserving river and maintenance of rivers flowing through large cities.
 Beautification of the riverfront with a natural outlook will provide the general public with an open space for
leisure and recreation.
 Providing employment opportunities for nearby people and helping in development of region.
 Encouraging recreational activities like walking, jogging, biking, sports activities, etc.
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
ELEMENTS OF SUCCESSFUL WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
2. Protection and enhancement of the natural

environment
 Documenting the ecological state of the
riverfronts in order to preserve this
environmentally diverse natural habitat.
 Preventing and, where possible, eliminating
inappropriate uses and practices from the rivers’
edge.
 Protecting existing natural areas from
development.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
1. Interconnected, linear riverfront development 3. Reclaim the city’s identity as one of the best
with broad public access water cities
 Encouraging the use of the greenway as a daily  Raising public expectations of what the city’s
commuter path and recreational amenity. riverfront offers.
 Demonstrating the connection between access,  Attracting people, investment and the best
greenway development and market demand. aspects of urban living to the riverfront..
 Creating a coherent, visually pleasing order to the
water’s edge
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
TEN PRINCIPLES FOR A SUSTAINABLE WATERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
In the context of the initiatives for the Global Conference on the  Planning in public private partnerships speeds
Urban Future (URBAN 21) held in Berlin in July 2000, 10 the process
Principles for a Sustainable Development of Urban Waterfront
Areas were approved.
waterfront developments should be planned in public
private partnerships. Public authorities must guarantee
 Secure the quality of water and the environment the quality of the design, supply infrastructure and
 Waterfronts are part of the existing urban fabric generate social equilibrium.
New waterfronts should be conceived as an integral part  Public participation is an element of
of the existing city and contribute to its vitality. sustainability
 The historic identity gives character Cities should benefit from sustainable waterfront
Collective heritage of water and city, of events, development not only in ecological and economical
landmarks and nature should be utilized to give the terms but also socially.
waterfront redevelopment character and meaning.
 Mixed use is a priority  Waterfronts are long term projects
 Re-vitalization is an ongoing process Waterfronts need to be redeveloped step by step so the
All master planning must be based on the detailed entire city can benefit from their potentials.
analysis of the principle functions and. Plans should be  Waterfronts profit from international
flexible, adapt to change and incorporate all relevant networking
disciplines. The exchange of knowledge in an international
network between contacts involved in waterfronts on
 Public access is a prerequisite different levels offers both individual support and
Waterfronts should be both physically and visually information about the most important projects
accessible for locals and tourists of all ages and income. completed or underway.
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
CRITERIA FOR GUIDELINES OF RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT
River as a main attraction of development Level of river flow
 According to the guideline, for any reason, river’s  According to the guideline, a development close to
role is remaining as a main attraction for the river areas would not increase level of river flow.
development. Development are more than 10 ha are required to
 River itself must be developed earlier than any build retention pond with maximum area
others development planning. approximately between 3-5% of total development
 Removal and changing river line or row are not area.
permitted.
Beautification of river reserves
 According to the guideline, developers are required
to provide recreation and beautification plan for
river.
 Maintaining river reserve as a buffer zone to control
environmental problem such as soil erosion.
 Utilization river reserve for green areas and
recreational use are allowed to the developers.
Development of permanent infrastructure
 According to the guideline, the development of
permanent building and infrastructure are not
allowed within river and river reserves, unless
facilities for recreational purposes such as
playground.
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
CASE STUDY:
KUTCHING RIVERFRONT: MALAYSIA

 The main objective of this development proposal

is to strengthen the commercial and recreational
activities which reflects character, social, culture
& identity of the place.
 The design considers visual character and quality
of the place as a riverside marketplace.
 Social and cultural events and festivals as well
as history and architecture of the place are the
important aspects of the design. Figure: kutching river front
Characteristics of the River front Area

Name of water body Sarawak River
Type of project Recreational
Project’s owner State of Sarawak
Amenities Restaurants, River Access,
Shops, Riverfront settlements
Views River views and City
Proximity to River 50 M
Proximity to CBD 1 KM
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
FINANCIAL SOURCES: Fully funded by the State Government
INSTITUTIONAL: The master plan of the project implementation was

prepared by SEDC and Land
CONSTRUCTION PERIOD: Began in 1991 & Completed in August 1993
DEVELOPMENT AREA: Approximately one mile along the south bank

of the river, encompassing the river
DEVELOPER: Sarawak Economic Development Corporation (SEDC),

Sarawak, Malaysia
PROJECT COST: 89.90 Million (Malaysian Ringgit)
CONCEPT:
 An urban river park that blends the historical and cultural setting with
the provision of facilities and activities for tourists and the community,
particular families.
 Possible features to be considered as follows: Esplanade / pedestrian
links, Malls Entertainment area. Family outing areas and children’s
playground.
 Tourist attraction areas and Possible center for river cruise.
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
LANDUSE AROUND RIVERFRONT AREA IN KUTCHING:
Figure- land use plan kutching
 Kutching’s Riverfront is a significant commercial area where trading activities concentrated along main Bazar
and Gambier Street areas on the south bank, with the Astana and Malay villages around it on the north bank of
Sarawak River.
 The marketplace serves as public realm that displays local characters and help to promote the place to outsider.
 The Kutching Riverfront is an approximately 1 kilometer long riverside esplanade stretching from the main
area and commercial heartland of the city to downtown Kutching.
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
 River steps create opportunities for river activities as well as closeness to the river’s edge.
 The landscaped riverfront is dotted with food stalls, restaurants and benches and offers excellent views of
Historical & Administrative Buildings on the bank of River Sarawak.
 The riverfront also features an observation tower, an open-air theater and musical fountains.
 The Kutching Civic Center offers a panoramic view of the city from a viewing platform during the day.
Figure: Satelite view

GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
STRATEGIES

 The design concept is festive market which represents the
positive cultural traits, trading activities for seasonal and
diurnal times displaying a variety of daily and local
products in the colonial buildings, Chinese shop houses
and also the new amenities provided.
 In addition, the extension bridges enclosed the jetty that
served as viewing platform and linkage to the
promenade.
 This project will revitalize the riverfront, enhance the
quality of life and meet the demand of healthy
environment for public involvement. To achieve a
linkage between the city to the River, at the same time
reinforcing Sarawak’s heritage and culture via integrating
traditions and technologies.
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
Square tower, Darul hana Musical fountain, Sarawak state legislative
bridge, River steps, Open assembly
walkway, Kuching waterfront
bazaar, Heritage clay craft,
Restaurant Memorial park
Waterfront cruise, Park, Walkway through the

Sarawak traditional boat river
cruise, Meeting point,
Walkway
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
HAFENCITY
 Waterfront development and urban rehabilitation project located in Hamburg, Germany on the edge of Elbe river
 Revitalizing the downtown and bringing urban life near the water
 Example of how cities with working waterfronts can still create active public places without interfering with
economic activity
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
OBJECTIVES
 To protect it from flooding of Elbe river without overbearing the old quay walls
 Reconnect Hamburg to the river Achieved by raising the land beyond the quay walls and implementing public
space typologies such as promenades, piers, boulevards, stairs and terraces of different scales that provide access
to the river.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE RIVERFRONT OVER THE YEARS

1934 2013
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
GENERAL INFO ABOUT THE PROJECT THE KEY PHASES OF THE CONSTRUCTION
Country: Germany PROCESS OF HAFENCITY:
City: Hamburg
Name Project: HafenCity
Author: Municipality (Kees Christiansen, ASTOC)
Project time: 1999 - under construction (2025)
Project data:
Overall area: 157 ha (water area 30 ha) 99% of
building lots of public property
Gross floor area: 2.32 million mq
of which:
 700.000 gross mq for homes
 215.000 mq for commercial activities
 1.1 million mq for offices
 310.000 mq for culture, scientific research,
hotels and leisure
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
PLAN LAYOUT culture, hotels and
leisure
Commercial activities
9%
 HafenCity has a mixed urban structure. It will strengthen
14%
the residential role of the city center and create a variety

of new jobs and opportunities in retail, education,
culture, entertainment, and tourism. Housing
30%
Office
47%
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
BLOCKS
 The plan of the new settlement is developed with a grid built, which ensures an effective demarcation of public
spaces including urban parks, public gardens, stretch of water and tree-lined avenues.
 The design intent is to give life to an urban addition that from the historical city draws the main lines of growth
and size scale, which of the established city has the complexity guaranteed by the presence of mixed functions.
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
THERE ARE FIVE TYPES OF URBAN BLOCK IN HAFEN CITY
CLOSED BLOCK SEMI-CLOSED BLOCK
OPEN BLOCK
LINEAR BLOCK SOLITAIRE BLOCK
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
RIVERBANKS OF HAFENCITY
AFTER THE PROJECT.
Flood protection and wharf concept in the HafenCity, where parts of

the promenades can be overflooded (line means 8.30 over zero =
safe).
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
URBAN CONCEPT
 HafenCity blends in with the cubature and building height of Hamburg’s existing downtown instead of
dominating the cityscape as a modern, vertical city. Most of the buildings designed consists of 6-7 floors, in
continuity with the heights in the old city.
 Only a few buildings, placed in scenic and significant positions, will reach greater heights with a function of
"panoramic viewpoint" and will be part of the new points of reference within the urban profile.
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
ROAD NETWORK AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
EXCEPTIONAL BUILDINGS AND HISTORIC PERMANENCE
HafenCity has been designed to achieve a dynamic pairing of authencity and
aesthetic. Old and new will come together in many parts of the district. Indeed,
even if HafenCity is a completely new urban architectural creation with hundreds
of new buildings that will be erected, a few buildings in the former harbor,
consisting largely of warehouses, were considered worth preserving, and with the
harbor basins and quay walls, will be preserved.
Speicherstadt
 The most important historic
element is the brick-built
Speicherstadt warehouse
ensemble, which acts as a
connective element and
entrance portal.
Elbphilharmonie
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
OPEN SPACES Traffic Public open space
 25% of its land area will be public open space (public squares, parks, areas
24%
25%
promenades) and, in addition there are publicly accessible private

open spaces which account for a further 13 percent (while only 7
percent of private open space is not accessible to the public). Private open spaces
publicly accessible
 Building area will be the 31% of land area 13%
Building area
 Road areas take up only 25 percent of land area. 31%
Private open
space 7%
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
The most important public spaces are located
in the western part of the district. Magellan
Terraces, descend step by step, amphitheater
style, to the water's edge. The view from here
takes in the future Elbphilharmonie Concert
Hall, the River Elbe and the Traditional Ship
Harbor, where floating pontoons rise and fall
with the tide, ensuring that the harbor itself is
part of the open space concept.
Magellan terraces Marco Polo Terraces
Vasco da Gama Plaza, also Unlike the Magellan Terraces, which
alongside the promenade, is a have an urban look, the Marco Polo
neighborhood square for Terraces, make a softer and greener
residents and visitors and a impression. Grassy islands and wooden
meeting place with outside eating decking are an invitation to stop awhile
areas and space for basketball. and sit or recline.
vasco de gama plaza traditional ship harbour treasure island playground

GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
FIVE LEVEL OF PUBLIC SPACE
 On the water: Floating docks are accessible at sea level.
 Waterfront Promenades: Embankment promenades for

walking and cycling are at 4 to 5.5 meters above sea
level.
 Terraces: The Magellan and Marco Polo Terraces

provide the largest public squares in the city, and
creatively transition the public thoroughfares from the
waterfront promenades to the street level.
 Streets: All streets (and buildings) are built on

artificially raised, flood-protected bases at around 7.5 to
8 meters above sea level.
 Above the streets: In addition to the street level, there

are higher elevations of occupiable space, some public
and some private. A new public plaza is being built at 37
meters above sea level as part of the new
Elbphilharmonie. The 'above the streets' level of the
private realm is also characterized by residential units,
which all start at one-story above street level.
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
 Public space exploits the interface between the city and the water,
establishing various levels of contact and accessibility.
 Elbe river floods two or three times a year, and for that reason the design
should provide security for the people and structures.
CREATING SPACES
THAT ATTRACT
VARIOUS
ACTIVITIES !
GROUP MEMBERS:
SANDIP RIMAL (31)
THANK YOU!!!

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IOE

SUBJECT: LANDSCAPE DESIGN AND SITE PLANNING

trend of water front development

The Working Waterfront The Redeveloping Waterfront

2. Protection and enhancement of the natural

 The main objective of this development proposal

Characteristics of the River front Area

INSTITUTIONAL: The master plan of the project implementation was

CONSTRUCTION PERIOD: Began in 1991 & Completed in August 1993

DEVELOPMENT AREA: Approximately one mile along the south bank

DEVELOPER: Sarawak Economic Development Corporation (SEDC),

PROJECT COST: 89.90 Million (Malaysian Ringgit)

Figure- land use plan kutching

Figure: Satelite view

Waterfront cruise, Park, Walkway through the

TRANSFORMATION OF THE RIVERFRONT OVER THE YEARS

the residential role of the city center and create a variety

LINEAR BLOCK SOLITAIRE BLOCK

Flood protection and wharf concept in the HafenCity, where parts of

promenades) and, in addition there are publicly accessible private

 Building area will be the 31% of land area 13%

vasco de gama plaza traditional ship harbour treasure island playground

 Waterfront Promenades: Embankment promenades for

 Terraces: The Magellan and Marco Polo Terraces

 Streets: All streets (and buildings) are built on

 Above the streets: In addition to the street level, there

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