TYPES OF

CAMERA
 WHAT IS A CAMERA?
• Light-tight box chambered to the aperture
enclosed in shutter at the opposite end of
which is the place where the sensitized
material is located,
• Mechanical Device that is used to form and
record the rays of light (as reflected by the
object) on the film
• Light-tight (proof) box with a means of
forming the image – Lens or Pinhole, with a
means of holding sensitized material at one
end – Film-holder, and with a means of
controlling the amount of light needed to
affect the film at the other end – SHUTTER,
Pinhole Camera
A simple camera can be built by making a
pinhole in a box. Light passes through the hole
and forms an inverted, backwards image of the
subject on the back of the box. The image will
be somewhat dim, but the detail sharp enough
that properly placed film will produce a good
photograph. However, this kind of photography
only works if the film receives absolutely no
other light.
Wet-Plate Camera
Wet-plate cameras derived their name from the light-sensitive chemical coating applied to
the photographic plate. The plate was used while wet, which was a messy but effective
process that allowed photographers to make high-quality negatives with exposures of less
than 30 seconds. Frederick Scott Archer invented the plate in 1851.
Polaroid Instant Camera
The Polaroid, or instant, camera delivers a finished print directly following exposure.
Although most models are somewhat larger than the standard personal camera, the
advantage of this system is the convenience and speed of the results. Special film used in
conjunction with the camera is designed to develop itself.
Folding Camera
Folding cameras, favored for their compact design and movable bellows, have been in use
for many years. The camera’s lens is incorporated into the bellows, which is slid back and
forth along a rail to change focus. The dark cloth covering the photographer and the box
body of the camera blocks out undesirable light, which might otherwise interfere with the
picture.
Brownie Box Camera
Box cameras like the Kodak Brownie were the earliest cameras used by the general public.
Relatively simple in design and operation, they consisted of a wooden or plastic box, a drop-
blade shutter, and a holding device for the film. Disposable cameras are the modern
equivalent of early box cameras.
Miniature Camera
- This group consists of a large variety of makes and
models taking very small pictures. The miniature cameras
are small, compact ones. With size measuring as small as
3x1, 5/8x1 ½ inches and a weight as low as 3.3 ounces.
View Camera/Studio Camera
View cameras are used for portrait and still-life photography. A geared track, precision
lenses, and a long bellows make the cameras fairly cumbersome, but they are capable of
capturing difficult subjects such as architecture with a minimum of distortion.
Autofocus Camera/ Point & Shot
Some cameras are able to automatically adjust themselves, focusing on the main figure
in the field view. The autofocus mechanism usually bounces infrared light beams or
ultrasonic waves off of a subject, taking range finding samples which are processed
electronically.
Twin-Lens Reflex Camera
- A camera having two separate lenses of the same focal
length: one for viewing and focusing; the other for
exposing the film. The lenses are mechanically-coupled
so that both are focused at the same time.
Single-Lens Reflex Camera
Single-lens reflex cameras use mirrors to form an image of the scene to be photographed in
the viewfinder. The 35-mm single-lens reflex (SLR) camera is one of the most popular
cameras on the market today because of its compact size, speed, and versatility. Most models
offer a combination of automatic and manual options.
SLR Camera Anatomy
Single-lens reflex, or SLR, cameras are among the most common in use today. Single-lens reflex
means that the same lens is used for viewing and taking the photograph. The moveable mirror
between the lens and the film reflects the image on a ground-glass viewing screen while the user
adjusts the focus. When the shutter release button is depressed, a spring pushes the mirror out of
the way, and the image is recorded on the film. The cameras are popular because users have the
option to control elements such as shutter speed, focus, and aperture manually or automatically.
This option allows photographers to achieve a wide variety of effects with relative ease. The
quality of SLR camera pictures is generally superior to that of the so-called point-and-shoot
camera.
PARTS OF CAMERA
1. LENS – The lens of a camera consist of one or
more glass or plastic disk with flat, concave, or
convex surfaces, each disk is called element.
The purpose of the lens is to focus light on the
film.
2. APERTURE - the circular opening that controls
the amount of light that passes through the lens
). The ratio expressed with the symbol f/ , is
called the f- number. The larger the aperture in
relation to the focal length, the smaller is the f-
number
3. SHUTTER - is a device that prevents light from
reaching the film until the photographer is
ready to take a picture.
PARTS OF CAMERA
4. DIAPHRAGM – The diaphragm changes the size
of the aperture of the lens. Like a shutter with
valuable speed, a diaphragm regulates the
amount of light reaching the film. The
diaphragm also affects depth of field – the
smaller the aperture the greater the depth of
field.
5. VIEWFINDER - shows the photographer the
scene being photographed. It maybe a viewing
screen, a miniature lens system, or a sample
wire frame.
6. FILM TRANSPORT MECHANISM – Moves new,
unexposed film into position for the next picture
PARTS OF CAMERA
7. FILM ADVANCER – Necessary so that the
exposed film can be transferred to the take
up spool while the unexposed film remain
on the opposite side of the lens for another
exposure.
8. SHUTTER SPEED DIAL – Controls the
opening and closing of the shutter,
regulates the quantity of light that reaches
and affects the sensitized material, a dial
which sets the length of time in which the
light is allowed to enter the camera
PARTS OF CAMERA
9. SHUTTER RELEASE BUTTON - The “click”
of the camera that releases the shutter.
10. FOCUSING MECHANISM - The
mechanism that estimates the appropriate
objects distance from the camera to form a
sharp or clear image on the photograph.
11. FOCUSING RING - The outer ring of the
lens which is rotated or adjusted to obtain
a clear and sharp photograph and it
enables the photographer to adjust focal
range
DAYTIME EXPOSURE (Outdoor) – Without Flash
 
Bright Sunlight – SS – 125 or250
LO – F5.6 or F8
Hazy Sunlight - SS – 125
 
Bright Hazy -LO – F5.6 or F4
Low Hazy -LO – F2 or F4
-LO – F5.6 or F4
Low Shaded -SS – 30 or 125
-LO – F2 or full open
 
INDOOR WITHOUT FLASH BUT THERE ARE 2 TO 4
FLOURESCENT BULB
SHUTTER SPEED – 15
LENS OPENING - F1.2 or F2
INDOOR BUT WELL LIGHTED- (BRIGHT LLIGHT)
 
SHUTTER SPEED –60
LENS OPENING - F5.6 orf4
 
INDOOR OR OUTDOOR WITH FLASH (DAY OR NIGHT)
 
USE SYNCHRONIZED SHUTTER SPEED WHICH IS 60 OR X
ANY COLORED NUMBER IN THE SHUTTER SPEED.
 
Distance of the Subject :
1-6 ft = F8
6-10FT = F5.6
10-15FT = F4
15FT and above = full open