SOCIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT

HS-483

Lecture : Population Dynamics. Community Development

Mrs. Riffat Sultana

(Lecturer Sociology)

Date: May 2021

 Outlines

Population Dynamics.

Community Development

Deviance and Crime.

Sociology of Change and Development.

Sociology of development 2
 Population Dynamics

 What is population dynamics?

 The changes in the populations of organisms over time

Population ecology is the study of populations.

 Their size, density, distribution and changes over time

 By doing this ecologists are able to gather data that can help
them predict growth trends, health, manage sizes

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 Continued…

Population Size & Population Density

To study populations, scientists measure population size(the number of

individuals of a specific species occupying a given area/volume at a
given time) and

population density (the number of individuals of the same species that

occur per unit area or volume)

Knowing the population size and density provides more information

about the population’s relationship to resources it uses D=N/SN=Total
number of individuals in the population S=Space occupied by the
population
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 Community Development

• Community development: Is a process

where community members come together to take collective
action and generate solutions to common problems.

•  Community wellbeing (economic, social, environmental

and cultural) often evolves from this type of collective
action being taken at a grassroots level.

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 Community

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 Continued…

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.

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Framework for Community Development

ASSUMPTIONS VALUES PRINCIPLES

PRACTICE
 Community Development Assumptions

People are capable of rational behavior.

Significant behavior is learned behavior.

Significant behavior is learned through interaction over

ASSUMPTIONS time.

People can give purposeful direction to their behavior.

People can impact their environment toward a desired

future.
 Community Development Values

All people have basic dignity.

People have the right to help make decisions on issues that impact
their well-being.
Participatory democracy is the best way to conduct a community’s
civic business
People have the right to strive to create the environment they want.
People have the right to reject an externally imposed environment.
The more purposeful interaction and dialogue within a community,
VALUES the more potential for learning and development.
Implied within a process of purposeful interaction is an ever-
widening concept of community.
Every discipline and profession is a potential contributor to a
community development process

Motivation is created through interaction with the environment.

 Plan Management Team Implements the
Community Development Action Plan
How will the process be monitored?
Are timelines being met?
Consider
Have new issues emerged that warrant more action teams?
How can initial momentum be sustained through early successes?
How can more volunteers be recruited?
What internal and external resources can be tapped?

Regular meetings held between organizing group and plan

management team to monitor and adjust actions
New action teams created as new issues emerge
Do
Regular reports from action teams provided to plan management
team
Early success stories publicized to sustain momentum
Public regularly informed about progress
More resources sought to sustain the process and achieve
outcomes
Organizing Group and Plan Management Team Evaluate the
Community Development Action Plan
How will success be evaluated?
When and how often should process be evaluated?
Consider
Do any activities need to be added or eliminated?
What is going well and what needs to be improved?
What are the next steps to keep the process moving forward?

Evaluation procedures defined by organizing group and plan

management team
Do
Procedures developed to include scheduled interim evaluations
New action teams appointed as needed
Community Celebrates Achievements of the Community
Development Action Plan
What should be celebrated?
Who should be recognized?
Consider
What activities can be undertaken to celebrate?
When should celebrations occur?

Periodic public celebration events (can be public gatherings or published

information) planned by organizing group/plan management team/communications
committee

Do An annual progress report published

Volunteers from all stakeholder groups recognized, as is any progress toward goals
Recognition materials, such as t-shirts, discount coupons, prizes, and other creative
items, provided at events
 Organizing Group Works to Sustain
the Community Development Action Plan
What new goals and objectives need to be addressed to achieve our vision?
What new citizen input needs to be considered?
Consider Are any stakeholder groups still not participating and, if so, how can they be
enticed to become involved?
Can issues identified earlier now be addressed?
Do any changes groups or teams need to be made?
What resources are needed to continue progress long-term?
How can the process be institutionalized throughout community organizations?

Do Effectiveness of organizational structure and leadership evaluated by

organizing group, which takes appropriate action
Resources to sustain progress sought
An action plan developed to begin the process anew
 Community Development Outcomes

Human Capital Physical Capital Financial Capital Environmental

Capital

SOCIAL CAPITAL
 Deviance and Crime

• Deviance is behavior that violates social norms and arouses

negative social reactions. Some behavior is considered so harmful
that governments enact written laws that ban the behavior.

• Crime is behavior that violates these laws and is certainly an

important type of deviance that concerns many Americans

• The fact that both deviance and crime arouse negative social
reactions reminds us that every society needs to ensure that its
members generally obey social norms in their daily interaction.

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 Deviance

Deviance and crime violate the norms and the laws of societies,
respectively. These two concepts are often used interchangeably but are
basically distinct.

In some cases, they can overlap. For instance, deviant behaviors can be
regarded as criminal and the converse, although rare, can also be true.

In a nutshell, crime is an act of contravening the laws of the society as

enacted by the government, whereas deviance refers to an act of
contravening the societal norms and standards.

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 Crime

Criminal laws are documented in constitutions of societies and

anyone found contravening them shall be liable to a fine,
imprisonment or death penalty in some countries such as
Botswana. In a nutshell, criminal offenses can be categorized
into personal offenses and property offenses.

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 References
• Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of
deviance. New York, NY: Free Press.
• Durkheim, É. (1962). The rules of sociological method (Ed. S.
Lukes). New York, NY: Free Press. (Original work published
1895).
• Goode, E. (2008). Drugs in American society. New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill.

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