BASIC OPERATIONS

OF PUMPS, VALVES,
AND FITTINGS
 Overview A Training Objectives

A Objectives
B Pumps : Definition, functions,
types and troubleshooting
B PUMPS
C PIPES
D VALVES C Pipes: Definition and function
E FITTING

D Valves: Definition, types, uses

and maintenance

E Fitting: Definition, types and

function
A Training Objectives

To be able to gain basic knowledge about pumps, its

1 application, types and troubleshooting

To be able to size up different pipe materials for

different applications and use. 2

To be able to distinguish the different types and

3 functions of valves and fittings.
 B PUMPS: Definition, Functions, Types and Troubleshooting

What are pumps?

◦ These are machines that convert mechanical
energy into hydraulic energy such as water or
other fluids in motion

◦ Pumps allow liquids to:

a) flow from a low pressure to a high pressure
b) flow from a low level to a higher level
c) flow at a faster rate
B PUMPS: Definition, Functions, Types and Troubleshooting

Different types of Pumps

A B

A.1 A.2

a.1.1 a.2.1

a.1.2 a.2.2

a.1.3 a.2.3

a.2.4

a.2.5
 B PUMPS: Definition, Functions, Types and Troubleshooting

A. Positive Displacement Pump

- a collective term for all pumps operating under the principle of positive
displacement principle.
- moves a fixed volume of fluid within the pump casing by applying a force to moveable boundaries
containing the fluid volume

◦ a.1. Reciprocating Pumps- are used most ◦ a.2. Rotary Pumps - use the actions of
often for low-capacity, high-pressure service. rotating cogs or gears to transfer fluids

◦ Oil drilling operations

◦ Light Oil Pumping
◦ Pneumatic pressure systems 
 B PUMPS: Definition, Functions, Types and Troubleshooting

A.1 Reciprocating Pumps

◦ A.1 Piston Pumps ◦ A.2 Plunger Pumps ◦ A.3 Diaphragm Pump
 B PUMPS: Definition, Functions, Types and Troubleshooting

A.2 Rotary Pumps

◦ A.2.1 Gear Pumps ◦ A.2.2 Lobe Pumps ◦ A.2.3 Screw Pumps
 B PUMPS: Definition, Functions, Types and Troubleshooting

A.2 Rotary Pumps

◦ A.2.4 Cam Pumps ◦ A.2.5 Vane Pumps
 B PUMPS: Definition, Functions, Types and Troubleshooting

B. Centrifugal Pumps
- work on the principle of centrifugal force, where the force pushes the liquid
away from the center.

◦ Major Parts
◦ a) Shaft – it transmits the torque/ power and
supports the impeller and other rotating
parts
◦ b) Impeller - has vanes that push the liquid
and transmit energy into the fluid.
◦ c) Volute/Casing - reduces the velocity of
the liquid and increases the pressure.
 B PUMPS: Definition, Functions, Types and Troubleshooting

B. Centrifugal Pumps Parts

◦ A) Shaft ◦ B) Impeller ◦ C) Volute/Casing
B PUMPS: Definition, Functions, Types and Troubleshooting

Common Pump Problems and Troubleshooting

 B PUMPS: Definition, Functions, Types and Troubleshooting

Pump Maintenance General Checklist

In dealing with pumps, make sure to inspect/check:

bearing temperatures, lubricant levels and vibration

mechanical seals for sign of leakages

discharge pressure and ensure reading gauges

equipment foundations

shaft alignments
 C Pipes and Piping

What is a pipe?
◦ Pipes are tubes made of metal, plastic,
wood, concrete or fiberglass that are used
to carry liquids, gases, slurries, or fine
particles. 

◦ Commonly Used Piping Materials

◦ a)Carbon Steel
◦ b)Alloy Steel
◦ c) Stainless Steel
 D Valves: Definition, Types, Uses and Maintenance

What is a valve? Other Special Types:

◦ A valve is a device that regulates, directs Relief Valves

or controls the flow of a fluid by opening,
closing, or partially obstructing various
passageways.
◦ Two Basic Groups:
Pressure-reducing Valves
◦ 1. Stop Valves - a valve used to stop the flow
of liquid in a pipe.
Remote-operated valves
◦ 2. Check Valves – a valve that normally allows
fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through.in one
direction
 D Valves: Definition, Types, Uses and Maintenance

Types of Stop Valves

◦ 1.1 Globe Valve -  named for their use of ◦ 1.2 Gate Valve -  used mainly for blocking
a globe-shaped disc that constricts flow fluid flow and are less likely to be employed
by closing against a restricting orifice for flow regulation.
 D Valves: Definition, Types, Uses and Maintenance

Types of Stop Valves

◦ 1.3 Butterfly Valve – used particularly ◦ 1.4 Ball Valve – used for flow and
when large-size valves with automatic pressure control.
actuators are required.
 D Valves: Definition, Types, Uses and Maintenance

Types of Check Valves

◦ 2.1 Swing check – allows forward and ◦ 2.2 Lift Check – prevents the suction line
reverse flows with its disc swings from running empty.
D Valves: Definition, Types, Uses and Maintenance

Types of Check Valves

◦ 2.3 Ball Check – commonly used in water
and wastewater applications.
 D Valves: Definition, Types, Uses and Maintenance

Valve Maintenance Tips

Clean the area.

Inspect your equipment.

``
Lubricate the valves.
 E Fittings: Definition, types and function

What is a fitting?
◦ A fitting is used in pipe systems to connect straight pipe sections, adapt to different sizes or shapes and for
other purposes, such as regulating (or measuring) fluid flow.
 E Fittings: Definition, types and function

Common types of Fitting

◦ Elbows - for making angle turns in piping ◦ Couplings - for connecting two pieces of
pipe of the same size in a straight line
 E Fittings: Definition, types and function
s
Common types of Fittings
◦ Reducers - for reducing pipe size ◦ Tee or T-Fittings - for making branch line
connections at 90º
THANK YOU!