PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

PHASE DIAGRAM : 2 component

cair – cair & cair - uap
 Outline materi diagram fasa 2 komponen :
cair – cair & cair - uap

Diagram fasa 2 komponen cair - cair

 Jenis-jenis
 Informasi yang diperoleh
 Aturan fasa
 Aturan Lever Diagram fasa 2 komponen cair - uap
 Jenis-jenis
 Informasi yang diperoleh
 Aturan fasa
 Aturan Lever
 Aplikasi
Phase
Phasediagram
diagram
22components
components
liquid
liquid- -liquid
liquid
 Experiment : to determine the graphs of
phenol composition-temperature and the critical
solution temperatures

[phenol] 8 11 20 50 63 70 80
(%)
Phenol 4 5.5 10 25 31.5 35 40
(mL)
Water 46 44.5 40 25 18.5 15 10
(mL)

Results :
 Aturan fasa
X

FF==CC––PP++11
Y
FF==degree
degreeofoffreedom
freedom
CC==component
component
PP==phase
phase

Titik X : Titik Y :
komponen = 2 komponen = 2
fasa =1 fasa =2
F=2–1+1=2 F=2–2+1=1
variabel = T,x variabel = T/x
Aturan Lever
 Exercise

• A mixture of 50 g of hexane (0.59 mol C6H14) and 50 g of

nitrobenzene (0.41 mol C6H5NO2) was prepared at 290 K.
What are the
compositions of
the phases, and in
what proportions
do they occur? To
what
temperature
must the sample
be heated in
order to obtain a
single phase?
Phase
Phasediagram
diagram Jenis diagram :
22components
components tekanan vs komposisi
liquid
liquid- -vapor
vapor temperatur vs komposisi
 Ideal
Ideal Raoult's law
solution
solution
Dalton's law

The composition of the vapor

Ideal
Ideal
solution
solution
 distillate
condensation
Distillation

In a fractional distillation, the

boiling and condensation cycle is
repeated to get a pure substance.
This technique is used to
separate volatile liquids.

The vapor is collected and

condensed in a simple
distillation. This technique is used
to separate a volatile liquid from
a non-volatile solute or solid.
Theoretical Plates Required to Separate Mixtures
based on BP

Boiling Point Difference Theoretical Plates

108 1
72 2
54 3
43 4
36 5
20 10
10 20
7 30
4 50
2 100
 Non
Nonideal
idealsolution
solution
Many liquid mixtures deviate
from the ideal behaviour
predicted by Raoult's law. Ideal-
dilute solutions are those for
which the solvent obeys Raoult's
law and the solute Henry's law.

If the interactions between A and

B stabilise the liquid phase then
the vapour pressure will be
depressed below its ideal value
and the boiling temperature
raised.
 Non
Nonideal
ideal
solution
solution
azeotrope

is a particular
mixture (two or
more miscible
liquids) which
Azeotrope: does not change
2 different types:
the composition
a high-boiling azeotrope
a low-boiling azeotrope
during the
distillation
In a high-boiling azeotrope if a maximum occurs in the
phase diagram, the liquid is stabilized due to favorable
interactions between A and B molecules
the liquid is destabilized due to
unfavorable interactions between
A and B molecule

a low-boiling
azeotrope
Phase
Phasediagram
diagram
22components
components
liquid
liquid––liquid
liquid&&
Liquid
Liquid- -vapor
vapor
Aturan Lever
 Exercise
1.Jika
1. Jikasebanyak
sebanyak1010ggAAdan
dan50
50ggBBdicampurkan
dicampurkanpada
padasuhu
suhu
25C.
25C.Keduanya
Keduanyahanya
hanyabercampur
bercampursebagian
sebagiandan
dan
membentuk
membentukdua duafasa.
fasa.
Jika
Jika%%berat
beratAAdalam
dalamfasa
fasaI Iadalah
adalah5%,
5%,dan
dandalam
dalamfasa
fasaIIII
adalah
adalah60%,
60%,hitung
hitungmassa
massaAAdan
danBBdalam
dalamdua
duafasa
fasayang
yang
berada
beradadalam
dalamkesetimbangan
kesetimbangan

2.2.Sistem
Sistem benzena-toluena
benzena-toluenamembentuk
membentukcampuran
campurandandan
tekanan
tekanantotal
totalcampuran
campurantersebut
tersebutmerupakan
merupakanfungsi
fungsidari
dari
komposisi
komposisisebagaimana
sebagaimanayg ygdiperlihatkan
diperlihatkandalam
dalamtabel
tabel
berikut.
berikut.Buatlah
Buatlahdiagram
diagramfasa
fasaPPvs
vsxxuntuk
untuksistem
sistemtersebut
tersebut!!
Apakah
Apakahsistem
sistemtersebut
tersebutmerupakan
merupakanlarutan
larutanideal
idealatau
ataunon
non
ideal?
ideal?Jika
Jikalarutan
larutanawal
awalmemiliki
memilikixxbenzena
benzena==0,4
0,4pada
padaPP
berapa
berapasebanyak
sebanyak¾¾bagian
bagianteruapkan
teruapkan??
X benz 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
PT 64 78 94 109 122 136 148 158 168 178 186

• Petunjuk :
gunakan persamaan berikut untuk menghitung komposisi uap
3. Jika 60 g A (BM = 48 g/mol) dan 120 g B (BM = 80 g/mol)
dicampurkan dan dipanaskan hingga ¾ bagian teruapkan, berapa T yang
dibutuhkan ?
xLiquid xVapor T (C)
0,00 0,00 53,4
0,04 0,03 54,0
0,12 0,08 55,5
Tabel fraksi mol A 0,31 0,25 58,6
dalam fasa liquid & 0,45 0,35 60,0
vapor pada
0,61 0,60 62,8
berbagai
0,70 0,78 63,0
temperatur
dan p = 1 atm 0,82 0,84 62,2
0,87 0,92 61,2
0,95 0,97 60,0
1,00 1,00 59,2