Api Manufacturing Facility Of: Environment Health Safety

RPG LIFE SCIENCES LIMITED
SAFETY TRAINING
API MANUFACTURING FACILITY OF
Address:- 25, MIDC Land, Thane Belapur Road, Pawne, Navi Mumbai 400 705.
ENVIRONMENT HEALTH SAFETY

SAFE HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS
RPG LIFE SCIENCES LIMITED CHEMICALS & MSDS
OUTLINES
 Basic information in chemical label

 Dangerous properties of chemicals
 Types of chemical hazards
 Safety rules
 First aid measures
CHEMICAL LABEL
Hydrochloric Acid
Causes burns.
Irritating to
respiratory system
Keep out of reach of children. In case of
contact with eyes, rinse immediately
with plenty of water and seek medical
advice
FE18756327RD
Smith Chemicals
Bristol, UK
CHEMICAL LABEL
Name of substance Hydrochloric Acid

Causes burns. Irritating
Risk phrase to respiratory system.
Symbol of danger
Indication of danger
Keep out of reach of children. In case of

Safety advice and phrase
contact with eyes, rinse immediately with
plenty of water and seek medical advice
Batch number FE18756327RD
Smith Chemicals
Manufacturer Bristol, UK
CHEMICAL DANGERS
ALL chemicals can be poisonous
A chemical becomes poisonous when too much enters the

body.
Some chemicals are slightly poisonous. A lot must enter

the body to cause harm.
Some chemicals are strongly poisonous. A little entering

the body can cause severe harm.
Chemicals can enter the body through breathing and skin

contact. They enter accidentally during eating, drinking,
smoking and touching the eyes.
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Types of hazards
toxic
harmful
corrosive
flammable
explosive
HARMFUL
Hazard Sign
Precautions:
Avoid contact with human
body. Can cause injury to
health
VERY TOXIC
Hazard Sign
Precautions:
Avoid contact with
human body. Can cause
severe or lethal damage
to health
CORROSIVE
Hazard Sign
Precautions:
Avoid contact with human
body.
Do not inhale vapors.
Substance will attack or eat
away skin, metals etc.
OCIDIZING (Fire Promoting)
Hazard Sign
Precaution:
Avoid contact with flammable
substances.
Substance promotes fires once
started.
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE
Hazard Sign
Precaution:
Keep away from flames, sparks,
and sources of heat.
EXPLOSIVE
Hazard Sign
Precaution:
Avoid impact, knocks, friction,
sparks, fires and heat.
HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES
Potassium permanganate
Acetone
Hydrochloric acid
Sulphuric acid
Toluene
SAFETY RULE 1
Treat every chemical as though it were hazardous

SAFETY RULE 2
Do not drink, eat or smoke when

handling chemicals
SAFETY RULE 3
After handling chemicals wash hands

before eating, drinking or smoking
SAFETY RULE 4
Do not sniff chemicals

SAFETY RULE 5
Do not taste chemicals

SAFETY RULE 6
Keep chemicals away from

sources of heat e.g. lighted
match, lighters, burning stove.
SAFETY RULE 7
Handle chemicals at an open or

well ventilated place
SAFETY RULE 8
Handle chemicals with care during transportation. Rough

handling may cause spillage.
SAFETY RULE 9
When spilled with chemicals, take off contaminated

clothes, wash affected body with plenty of water.
SAFETY RULE 10
Store chemicals in a separate room that is well

ventilated, cool and dry.
FIRST AID MEASURES
First Aid
Measures
BURNS & SCALDS
Affected area should be cooled as quickly as possible

with cold water until pain subsides.
ACCIDENTAL INJESTION OF CHEMICAL
Do not induce vomiting. Obtain

medical advice immediately
SKIN CONTACT WITH CHEMICALS
Remove all clothes immediately. Wash off chemical

quickly and thoroughly with water. Obtain medical
advice if necessary.
EYE CONTACT WITH CHEMICAL
Open eyes and wash with water for minimum of 10

minutes. Obtain medical advice.
EXPOSED TO CHEMICAL FUME OR VOPOR
Remove affected person at once to fresh air. Obtain

medical assistance.
UN CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICALS
• Explosives
• Gases
• Flammable liquids
• Flammable solids
• Oxidizers/organic peroxides
• Toxic/infectious substances
System / Procedure / Audit
• Radioactive substances
• Corrosives
• Misc. substances
TOXIC CHEMICALS

TOXICITY
• Relative ability of a
substance to cause
adverse effects in living
organisms.
• All substances are poisons; there is none which is

not a poison. The right dose differentiates a
poison and a remedy.
FACTORS INFLUENCING TOXICITY
• Dose
• Route of entry
• Duration and frequency of
exposure
• Interspecies variations
• Intraspecies variations
• Environment factors
• Chemical combinations
ROUTE OF ENTRY
• Ingestion • Absorption
• Injection
• Inhalation
DOSE RESPONSE TERMS
· Lethal Dose fifty (LD50) : A calculated dose of a

substance which is expected to cause the death
of 50% of an entire defined experimental animal
population.
· Lethal Concentration fifty (LC50) : A calculated
concentration of a substance in air, exposure to
which for a specified length of time is expected
to cause the death of 50% of an entire defined
experimental animal population.
TOXICITY RATING
Toxicity Rating Oral Acute LD50 for Rats
Extremely toxic 1 mg/kg or less (dioxin, botulinum toxin)
Highly toxic 1 to 50 mg/kg (strychnine)
Moderately toxic
50 to 500 mg/kg (DDT)
Slightly toxic 0.5 to 5 g/kg (morphine)
Practically toxic 5 to 15 g/kg (ethyl alcohol)

EXPOSURE LIMIT (TLVs)
• Time Weighted Average (TWA) – The time-weighted

average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday and
a 40-hour workweek, to which nearly all workers may
be repeatedly exposed, without any adverse effect.
• Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) – a 15-minute

time-weighted average exposure which should not be
exceeded at any time System
during a/ work
Procedure / Audit
day even if the 8-
hour time-weighted average is within the TLV.
• Not more than four times per day & 60 minutes
between successive exposures
• Ceiling (C) – the concentration that should not be

exceeded during any part of the working exposure.
EXPOSURE LIMITS (TLVs)
• Flash point -- the lowest temperature at which a flammable

liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture
with air. In other words, the lowest temperature at which a
liquid can ignite if a spark is present. Liquids with very low
flash points are dangerous fire hazards (e.g., ethyl ether -49
C).
• Auto ignition temperature -- the temperature at which the
liquid will set itself on fire without a flame or spark.
• Lower Explosive Limit -- the minimum concentration of a

flammable gas or vapor (% by vol. in air) in which an
explosion can occur if a flame or spark is present.
EXPOSURE LIMITS (TLVs)
• Upper Explosive Limit -- the maximum concentration of a

flammable gas or vapor (% by vol. in air) in which an
explosion can occur if a flame or spark is present.
• Hazardous Products of Combustion -- In most fires, the

greatest danger to human System / Procedure
life is not the heat of/ Audit
the flames,
but the toxic smoke that can fill the area. All the anticipated
products of combustion are listed here. Fires of the
laboratory are far more dangerous than common fires
because the toxic fumes are often far more dangerous.
Permissible Limits of Exposure as prescribed in the
RPG LIFE SCIENCES LIMITED Third Schedule of the Factories Act 1948
Permissible Limits of Exposure

Substance Time-weighted Average Short–term Exposure
Concentration (8 hrs) Limit (15 min)
ppm mg/m3 ppm mg/m3
Ammonia 25 18 35 37
Chlorine 1 3 3 9
Bromine 0.1 0.7 0.3 2
Nitric acid 2 5 5 10
Gasoline 300 900 500 1500
Acetone 750 1780 1000 2375
TARGET ORGANS
Skin
• Death due to phenol penetration
• Contact eczemas, irritation and inflammation
• Contact sensitizers – colorants, dyes and metals (Ni,
Cr, Co and their salts)
Lungs System / Procedure / Audit

• Dusts, metal fumes, solvent vapours, corrosive gases,
etc.
• Allergic reasons - cotton dust, MIC, etc.
• Pneumoconiosis - silica
• Irritation and reduction of breathing capacity –
formaldehyde , sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, acid
mist, etc.
TARGET ORGANS
Nervous System
• Heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Mn).
• Organophosphate insecticides (malathion, parathion )
Blood Circulation
• Solvents (Ex: benzene CCI4,
System / Procedure
chloroform, vinyl/ chloride).
Audit
• Lead - anemia.
Liver
• Solvents (CCI4, Turpentine).
• Lead and Cadmium.
CORROSIVE CHEMICALS
• A substance that
chemically attacks
tissue and /or
materials on contact
pH SCALE
• Very alkaline (caustic soda)

• 13
• 12
• 11
• 10
• 9
• 8 System / Procedure / Audit
• Neutral (water)
• 6
• 5
• 4
• 3
• 2
• Very acidic (nitric acid)
CLASSIFICATION
• Acids
• Bases
• Dehydrating agents
(phosphorous pentoxide and
calcium oxide)
• Halogens and halogen salts
(bromine, Iodine, zinc
chloride, sodium
hypochlorite)
• Organic halides and organic
acid halides (acetyl chloride
and benzyl chloroformate)
• Acid anhydrides
• Some organic materials
such as phenol
HAZARDS
• Attacking tissue
• (Ex: hydrofluoric acid and caustics affect skin and eyes)
• Attacking materials
• Contributing to fire hazards

(Ex: explosive - perchloric acid; flammable - phenol)
• Generating hydrogen gas

(Ex: sodium hydroxide reacts with aluminium, zinc or tin)
• Creating heat when contact water

• (Ex: acids and caustics mixing)
• Possessing inherent toxicity

(Ex: acid-forming materials such as nitrogen dioxide and phosgene)
Generating toxic products upon mixing

(Ex: cyanide and strong acids)
FLAMMABLE CHEMICALS

FIRE TRIANGLE
he
ge
a
y
t
ox
fuel
IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS
• Flash point
Gasoline -43
Acetone -19
Heptane -4
Toluene 6
Methyl alcohol System
11 / Procedure / Audit
Kerosene 43
• Auto ignition temperature
• Vapor weight
• Upper and lower flammable
limits
IGNITION SOURCES
• Electrical current
• Static electricity
• Spontaneous combustion
• Chemical reaction
• Friction
• Open flames System / Procedure / Audit
• Solar heat
• Radiant heat
SAFE USE OF CHEMICALS
• Elimination, substitution or reduction

• Engineering control
• Administrative control
ENGINEERING CONTROL
• Using less dispersible forms

• Minimizing / eliminating potential leak points
• Providing exhaust ventilation at potential leak

• Enclosing the operation
• Minimizing operating pressures
• Providing safety eyewash and shower

MANAGING CHEMICALS
 Identification of chemicals
 Labeling
 Storage
 Handling
 Personal Protective
Equipment System / Procedure / Audit
 Work Monitoring
 Medical Examinations
 Record Keeping
 Training of Employees
 Disposal of Chemicals
 Emergency Procedures
IDENTIFICATION & LABELING
• Label the containers clearly

with contents, name &
address of manufacturer/
importer, physical and health
hazards & recommended
personal protective
equipment. System / Procedure / Audit
• Know how to use the
information provided on the
labels.
• Do not handle any unlabelled
container.
M.S.D.S.
• Chemical Product Name

• Composition, or Ingredients
• Physical and Chemical Properties
• Handling and Storage
• Stability and Reactivity
• Toxicological Information
• Disposal Considerations
• Emergency Measures
• PPE
• Other Information
STORAGE
• Store chemicals in a
cool, dry and well
ventilated place away
from heat and ignition
sources.
STORAGE
• Store reactive chemicals separately. (

acid x base, liquid x solids )
• Do not refill empty containers with

any chemical other than the one
originally contained.
• Store poisonous substances, such

as cyanides, in locked cabinets.
HANDLING
• Handle containers
with care, using
appropriate trolleys.
HANDLING

• Use a pump system whenever
possible to remove the contents
of carboys or drums
HANDLING
• Follow strictly the approved procedures

for loading/unloading.

HANDLING
• Don't use contact lenses

when using corrosives.

• Never add water to acid.
HANDLING
• Use personal
protective equipment
as necessary.
HANDLING
• Watch for the posted signs indicating

areas requiring particular precautions
and adhere to them strictly.
DISPOSAL
• Don't pour acids/alkalis in the

drainage without proper
neutralization.
• Don't drain out toxic and

flammable chemical spillage with
water. / Procedure / Audit
System
• Know safe disposal procedures

and follow them strictly.
• Do not pour corrosive solutions into the sanitary sewer

for allow them to enter any drain.
DISPOSAL
• Decontaminate
the used
containers not
intended for re-
use and make
unusable by
puncturing before
disposal.
• Dispose of the contaminated equipment as

hazardous waste.
DISPOSAL
• Collect flammable waste separately.

HANDLING EMERGENCY
• Know and understand precautions and procedures in

case of spillage / leakage, and fire.
HANDLING EMERGENCY
• Keep safety and emergency kits in

working order, and accessible.
• Keep antidotes ready and handy
while handling toxic chemicals.
• Get trained in first-aid procedures.

HYGIENE & HOUSEKEEPING
• Maintain high housekeeping

standards and avoid spillages.
Change/ Procedure
• System contaminated
/ Audit
clothes immediately.
• Never take chemicals away

from the job for personal use.
HYGIENE & HOUSEKEEPING
• Don't keep any foodstuff or

take meals in the area where
hazardous chemicals are
stored/handled. Wash hands
before eating. System / Procedure / Audit
Don't use any solvent for

cleaning hands.

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RPG LIFE SCIENCES LIMITED

API MANUFACTURING FACILITY OF

ENVIRONMENT HEALTH SAFETY

 Basic information in chemical label

Name of substance Hydrochloric Acid

Keep out of reach of children. In case of

ALL chemicals can be poisonous

A chemical becomes poisonous when too much enters the

Some chemicals are slightly poisonous. A lot must enter

Some chemicals are strongly poisonous. A little entering

Chemicals can enter the body through breathing and skin

Treat every chemical as though it were hazardous

Do not drink, eat or smoke when

After handling chemicals wash hands

Do not sniff chemicals

Do not taste chemicals

Keep chemicals away from

Handle chemicals at an open or

Handle chemicals with care during transportation. Rough

When spilled with chemicals, take off contaminated

Store chemicals in a separate room that is well

Affected area should be cooled as quickly as possible

Do not induce vomiting. Obtain

Remove all clothes immediately. Wash off chemical

Open eyes and wash with water for minimum of 10

Remove affected person at once to fresh air. Obtain

System / Procedure / Audit

System / Procedure / Audit

• All substances are poisons; there is none which is

· Lethal Dose fifty (LD50) : A calculated dose of a

Toxicity Rating Oral Acute LD50 for Rats

Extremely toxic 1 mg/kg or less (dioxin, botulinum toxin)

Highly toxic 1 to 50 mg/kg (strychnine)

Slightly toxic 0.5 to 5 g/kg (morphine)

Practically toxic 5 to 15 g/kg (ethyl alcohol)

• Time Weighted Average (TWA) – The time-weighted

• Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) – a 15-minute

• Ceiling (C) – the concentration that should not be

• Flash point -- the lowest temperature at which a flammable

• Lower Explosive Limit -- the minimum concentration of a

• Upper Explosive Limit -- the maximum concentration of a

• Hazardous Products of Combustion -- In most fires, the

Permissible Limits of Exposure

Lungs System / Procedure / Audit

• Very alkaline (caustic soda)

• Contributing to fire hazards

• Generating hydrogen gas

• Creating heat when contact water

• Possessing inherent toxicity

Generating toxic products upon mixing

System / Procedure / Audit

• Elimination, substitution or reduction

• Using less dispersible forms

• Providing exhaust ventilation at potential leak

• Providing safety eyewash and shower

• Label the containers clearly

• Chemical Product Name

System / Procedure / Audit

• Store reactive chemicals separately. (

• Do not refill empty containers with

• Store poisonous substances, such

System / Procedure / Audit