QUALITY OF

SERVICE IN WSN
S U B M I T T E D B Y: N O U R H A N TA R E K
INTRODUCTION

• Wireless sensor networks in an emerging field, deployed in:

– Monitoring systems
– Health care systems
– Constructing a realistic model for the physical world.

• Quality of service is still an un explored field.

– “A set of service requirements to be met by the network while transporting a flow.”

M. Aykut Yigitel , Ozlem Durmaz Incel, Cem Ersoy “QoS-aware MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey”
Computer Networks Research Laboratory, Netlab, Department of Computer Engineering, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342
Istanbul, Turkey, 16 February 2011, pp. 1982-1984.
QUALITY OF SERVICE IN TRADITIONAL
NETWORK
• Wired networks
– Traffic engineering
• Reservation approach
• Reservation-less approach
– Packet treatment inside the router.

Dazhi Chen and Pramod K. Varshney, “QoS Support in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey”,Syracuse University Syracuse, NY,
U.S.A
QUALITY OF SERVICE IN TRADITIONAL
NETWORK
• Wireless networks
– WLAN
• Scarce bandwidth
• Traffic management
– Ad-hoc wireless networks
• Specific routing protocols

Dazhi Chen and Pramod K. Varshney, “QoS Support in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey”,Syracuse University Syracuse, NY,
U.S.A
QUALITY OF SERVICE IN WSN

• Quality of service perspectives

– Application specific perspective
• Lifetime
• Coverage
• Number of active sensors

Dazhi Chen and Pramod K. Varshney, “QoS Support in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey”,Syracuse University Syracuse, NY,
U.S.A
QUALITY OF SERVICE IN WSN

• Quality of service perspectives

– Network specific perspective
• Event-driven model
– Real-time applications
– Not tolerant to delay
– Eg.: monitoring chemical labs.

Dazhi Chen and Pramod K. Varshney, “QoS Support in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey”,Syracuse University Syracuse, NY,
U.S.A
QUALITY OF SERVICE IN WSN

• Quality of service perspectives

– Network specific perspective
• Query-driven model
– Real-time application
– Tolerant to delay
– Queries are used to manage system’s architecture

Dazhi Chen and Pramod K. Varshney, “QoS Support in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey”,Syracuse University Syracuse, NY,
U.S.A
QUALITY OF SERVICE IN WSN

• Quality of service perspectives

– Network specific perspective
• Continuous delivery model
– Real-time applications : deal with video and audio transmissions
– Non-real time applications: base station require periodic data from nodes .

Dazhi Chen and Pramod K. Varshney, “QoS Support in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey”,Syracuse University Syracuse, NY,
U.S.A
QUALITY OF SERVICE IN WSN

• Quality of service metrics

– Throughput
• The effective number of data flow transported in a certain time
– Delay
• The time taken by the data packet to travel from the source node to the destination node.

Feng Xia, “QoS Challenges and Opportunities in Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks,” mdpi.org/sensors,
2008, pp. 1099-1110.
QUALITY OF SERVICE IN WSN

• Quality of service metrics

– Jitter
• The variations in delay.
– Packets loss rate
• The percentage of data packets that are lost during transmission process.

Feng Xia, “QoS Challenges and Opportunities in Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks,” mdpi.org/sensors,
2008, pp. 1099-1110.
QUALITY OF SERVICE CHALLENGES

• Extreme resource constraints

– Limited cost
– Limited transmission rate
– Limited memory and processing unit
– Limited bandwidth
• Redundant data
– Broadcasting of packets

Feng Xia, “QoS Challenges and Opportunities in Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks,” mdpi.org/sensors,
2008, pp. 1099-1110.
QUALITY OF SERVICE CHALLENGES

• Heterogeneity of the sensor nodes

– Different types of sensor nodes
• Dynamic network size and topology
– Self organizing requirement
– Node mobility
• Less reliable medium
– Radio frequency signals that are affected by noise.

Feng Xia, “QoS Challenges and Opportunities in Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks,” mdpi.org/sensors,
2008, pp. 1099-1110.
QUALITY OF SERVICE MECHANISMS

• Topology management
• Sleeping schedules.
• Wasting time and increase latency.
• Localization
• GPS
• Algorithms
– Ranging
– Iterative multi-literation

Hwee-Xian Tan, “Quality of Service in Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Sensors,
2006.
QUALITY OF SERVICE MECHANISMS

• Controlled mobility
– One of the main causes of performance deterioration in wireless sensor networks is node mobility
– The resulting network topology is usually not optimized for the protocols which are designed for the network.
– To incorporate QoS in the sensor network, controlled mobility using mobile nodes can be used to deploy sensor
nodes more efficiently to enhance connectivity and/or coverage.

Hwee-Xian Tan, “Quality of Service in Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Sensors,
2006.
QUALITY OF SERVICE MECHANISMS

• Data aggregation
– Data which is coming from different sources en-route is combined into a single data packet.
– This helps to reduce redundancy and minimize the number of transmissions required to forward the data back to
the sink.
– However, as data processing is required at some of the sensor nodes in order to do aggregation, which would
result in higher latency

Hwee-Xian Tan, “Quality of Service in Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Sensors,
2006.
QUALITY OF SERVICE MECHANISMS

• Network topology
• Sensor nodes that are near the base station have to perform more data forwarding and packet transmissions
• Subsequently considering the use of more than one base station which provides spatially diverse routes in the
network such that source nodes will avoid sending all the data to one direction and cause network deterioration.

Hwee-Xian Tan, “Quality of Service in Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Sensors,
2006.
QUALITY OF SERVICE MECHANISMS

• Cross-layer design
• It is a method that provides a unified scheme of protocols functionalities.
• Replaces the entire traditional protocol layers so that information and functionalities are melted into a single layer.
• This helps in improving performance and reliability of communication between sensor nodes.

Ian F. Akyildiz Mehmet C. Vuran Ozg ¨ ur B. Akan, “A Cross-Layer Protocol for Wireless Sensor
SUMMARY

• Wireless sensor networks in one of the emerging fields that will be used in all areas in the future.

• Difficult circumstances of wireless sensor networks build huge obstacles in achieving quality of services.

• Quality of service challenges changes in their priority according to the type of application.

• Some of the mechanisms that are applied to achieve quality of service is application defined, which places
further challenge on achieving QoS.