Objective

• At the end of the lesson, you will be able

to recognize different techniques for
achieving organization in a text.
Motive Questions
• Are your texts sometimes difficult for
readers to follow?
• Do you want to know how to arrange or
structure different elements in your
written compositions?
• Would you like to learn how to write
more logically?
Properties of a Well-Written Text
• language use (choice of words)
• mechanics (capitalization, punctuation,
spelling, grammar, etc.)
• coherence and cohesion (connection of
ideas)
• organization (clear and logical pattern)
Properties of a Well-
Written Text:
Organization
Reading and Writing Skills
2nd Semester | SY 2016-2017

Miss Hazel Angelyn E. Tesoro

Teacher III
Organization can be achieved
through the following techniques:

Physical Signal
Structure
format words
Text Organization
• is the way a text is organized
• helps to guide the reader logically
through it
• makes a text readable and its message
clear.
1. Physical Format
• The format is an aspect of the organization that
is immediately apparent to the reader.
• It is seen in how the text physically appears 
• headings and subheadings
• bullet points
• font emphasis (e.g., boldface, italics, underline, color, etc.)
• However, do not overuse this technique
as improper or superfluous formatting can be
confusing.
Samples of Improper or
Superfluous Formatting
Sample Text employing the “Physical Format”
Technique in Organization

Marxist ideology has three main

theories. Historical materialism purports that
all the features of society can historically be
traced back to economic activity. 
Social class in capitalist societies is what
produces unjust structures of power that exist
today. Socialism would be the next rational
step for the development of human society.
2. Signal Words
• are textual cues that readers can use to
follow a text.
• can “signal” the transition from one
point to another, the ordering of events
and concepts, or the writer’s chosen text
type (e.g., linear narration, question and
answer).
Sample Text employing the “Signal Words”
Technique in Organization

Chuck Palahniuk’s novel Fight Club greatly influenced

me as a fictional writer. First, his use of the unreliable
narrator fascinated me, and I have written similar
characters in my works. Second, the theme of
patriarchal oppression can also be found in the stories
I write. Third, the novel’s stunning twist is something
that I have been trying to recreate. Thus, I am
extremely grateful to have encountered Palahniuk’s
genius early in my writing career.
3. Structure
• The structure provides
the framework upon
which the text is lead / hook
organized.
• Beginning: introduction Lead or Hook
, thesis statement, hook is the first one or two
sentences of your essay.
• Middle: supporting It serves as an
introduction and works to
details grab the reader's
attention. The first couple
• End: conclusion, sentences will help your
reader decide whether
summary, final message they want to continue
reading your essay or not.
Sample Text employing the
“Structure” Technique in Organization
Ancient philosophies believe that a person has an “aura,”
this appears as a rainbow of light around the body that can
be seen by individuals with clairvoyant abilities. The colors
change depending on one’s mood, health, and thoughts.
Some scientists believe that the existence of the aura has
something to do with the electromagnetic fields produced
by cells and tissues in the human body. Whether auras are
real or not, the fact remains that there are forces
everywhere that are real even though we cannot see them.
Tips about Text Organization
• Makes a text easy to read
• Prevents the reader from
becoming confused by a jumble
of words, sentences, and
paragraphs that are in no
particular order
• Can be achieved through
physical format, signal words,
and structure
Writing Task
• Identify the technique
being used to organize
the following texts.
• Write PF for Physical
Format, SW for Signal
Words, and ST for
Structure.
1. All matter, all things can be changed in two ways: chemically and
physically. Both chemical and physical changes affect the state of
matter. Physical changes are those that do not change the make-up
or identity of the matter. For example, clay will bend or flatten if
squeezed, but it will still be clay. Changing the shape of clay is a
physical change, and does not change the matter’s identity.
Chemical changes turn the matter into a new kind of matter with
different properties. For example, when paper is burnt, it becomes
ash and will never be paper again. The difference between them is
that physical changes are temporary or only last for a little while, and
chemical changes are permanent, which means they last forever.
Physical and chemical changes both affect the state of matter.
2. When I got home from school after a long
boring day, I took out the peanut butter, jelly,
and bread. After taking the lid off of the jars, I
spread the peanut butter on one side of the
bread and the jelly on the other, and then I put
the two pieces of bread together. After that, I
enjoyed it while watching “Probinsyano” on TV.
I swear, that was the best peanut butter and
jelly sandwich I ever ate.
3. Gov. Chavit Singson doesn’t want the tigers to vanish.
These majestic beasts are disappearing at an alarming
rate. Gov. Chavit thinks that we should write to our
congress people. If we let them know that we demand the
preservation of this species, maybe we can make a
difference. Gov. Chavit also thinks that we should donate
to Save the Tigers. Our donations will help to support and
empower those who are fighting the hardest to preserve
the tigers. We owe it to our grandchildren to do something.
4. Before putting on the screen protector, clean the
surface of your phone’s screen with a soft cloth.
Once the surface of your screen is clean, remove the
paper backing on the screen protector. Then, evenly
apply the sticky side of the screen protector to your
phone’s screen. After which, smooth out any air
bubble trapped on between the protector and the
phone screen. Voila! Enjoy the added protection to
your smartphone screen.
5. Dinosaurs existed about 250 million years ago to 65 million years
ago. This era is broken up into three periods known as the Triassic,
Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The Triassic Period lasted for 35
million years from 250-205 million years ago. Planet Earth was a
very different place back then. All the continents were united to
form one huge land mass known as Pangaea. The Jurassic Period
was the second phase. The continents began shifting apart. The
time scale for this famous period is from 205 to 138 million years
ago. The Cretaceous Period was the last period of the dinosaurs. It
spanned a time from 138 million to about 65 million years ago. In
this period the continents fully separated. However, Australia and
Antarctica were still united.
6. Wouldn’t you like a scary dinosaur model on your desk to protect your
pencils and textbooks? You can easily make one by following these
simple directions. First, bend your pipe cleaner to make the frame of
your dinosaur. I suggest you create a tyrannosaurus frame by using one
long pipe cleaner as his neck, spine, and tail, and then bend another into
a u-shape to make his feet. Wrap the feet around the spine piece. Next,
roll out clay to wrap around the pipe cleaners. Let the clay dry overnight.
The next day you may want to paint your dinosaur using non-toxic paint.
His eyes should be white, but feel free to color your dinosaur as you
wish. Nobody really knows how dinosaurs were colored, so don’t let
anyone tell you that your dinosaur can’t be pink. Lastly, put him on your
desk and watch as he or she scares away bullies and pencil thieves.
7. One day, Dino the Dinosaur decided to go for a walk to the
watering hole. It was a sunny day and the sky was blue and clear.
Dino was thinking about his girlfriend Dina when he saw a pack of
wild lizards and animals running through the plains in a frenzy.
Dino tried to ask the critters why they were running, but they just
kept running. Dino scratched his dinosaur head and continued
walking toward the watering hole. Soon after, Dino heard a loud
thumping noise like the slow beat of a drum. The earth shook and
fruit fell from the trees, but Dino was so deep in thought over his
girl Dina that he didn’t even notice. The thumping grew louder and
louder as Tyra the Tyrannosaurs Rex approached Dino. Dino kept
thinking about his girl Dina until the moment Tyra ate him.
8. Fire needs three things to burn: oxygen, fuel, and heat. Fuels
can be wood, tinder, coal, or any other substance that will easily
oxidize. Therefore, a fire can be stopped in three different ways,
by removing any of the three things it needs to burn. The fuel
can be removed. If a fire burns through all of its fuel and extra
nearby fuel is removed, the fire will stop burning. The oxygen
can be removed. This is called "smothering" a fire. Fires cannot
burn in a vacuum or if they are covered in carbon dioxide. The
heat can be removed. The most common way to remove heat is
to use water to absorb that heat, putting the fire out.
9. When a river receives a lot of extra water, it may flood.
During a flood, there is plenty of water, and most people
wouldn’t think that dehydration was a serious risk, but
flood waters are mostly polluted and not safe to drink.
People who drink the contaminated water may suffer from
illnesses or diseases such as typhoid. You can prepare for
flooding by filling many containers with fresh clean drinking
water. You can also use sandbags to protect your house
and to soak up the water. Be prepared and be safe.
10. Avalanches (when a lot of snow falls from a
mountain) may bury people under them. If people are
not found immediately enough by rescue teams, they
will die of suffocation (not getting enough air) or of
hypothermia (freezing cold). The chance of surviving
an avalanche is as follows: 92% if found within 15
minutes, 30% if found within 35 minutes (victims die
of suffocation), and nearly 0% after two hours
(victims die of injuries and hypothermia).
Explanation
1. All matter, all things can be changed in two ways: chemically and
physically. Both chemical and physical changes affect the state of
matter. Physical changes are those that do not change the make-up
or identity of the matter. For example, clay will bend or flatten if
squeezed, but it will still be clay. Changing the shape of clay is a
physical change, and does not change the matter’s identity.
Chemical changes turn the matter into a new kind of matter with
different properties. For example, when paper is burnt, it becomes
ash and will never be paper again. The difference between them is
that physical changes are temporary or only last for a little while, and
chemical changes are permanent, which means they last forever.
Physical and chemical changes both affect the state of matter.
2. When I got home from school after a long
boring day, I took out the peanut butter, jelly,
and bread. After taking the lid off of the jars, I
spread the peanut butter on one side of the
bread and the jelly on the other, and then I put
the two pieces of bread together. After that, I
enjoyed it while watching “Probinsyano” on TV.
I swear, that was the best peanut butter and
jelly sandwich I ever ate.
3. Gov. Chavit Singson doesn’t want the tigers to vanish.
These majestic beasts are disappearing at an alarming
rate. Gov. Chavit thinks that we should write to our
congress people. If we let them know that we demand the
preservation of this species, maybe we can make a
difference. Gov. Chavit also thinks that we should donate
to Save the Tigers. Our donations will help to support and
empower those who are fighting the hardest to preserve
the tigers. We owe it to our grandchildren to do something.
4. Before putting on the screen protector, clean the
surface of your phone’s screen with a soft cloth.
Once the surface of your screen is clean, remove the
paper backing on the screen protector. Then, evenly
apply the sticky side of the screen protector to your
phone’s screen. After which, smooth out any air
bubble trapped on between the protector and the
phone screen. Voila! Enjoy the added protection to
your smartphone screen.
5. Dinosaurs existed about 250 million years ago to 65 million years
ago. This era is broken up into three periods known as the Triassic,
Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The Triassic Period lasted for 35
million years from 250-205 million years ago. Planet Earth was a
very different place back then. All the continents were united to
form one huge land mass known as Pangaea. The Jurassic Period
was the second phase. The continents began shifting apart. The
time scale for this famous period is from 205 to 138 million years
ago. The Cretaceous Period was the last period of the dinosaurs. It
spanned a time from 138 million to about 65 million years ago. In
this period the continents fully separated. However, Australia and
Antarctica were still united.
6. Wouldn’t you like a scary dinosaur model on your desk to protect your
pencils and textbooks? You can easily make one by following these
simple directions. First, bend your pipe cleaner to make the frame of
your dinosaur. I suggest you create a tyrannosaurus frame by using one
long pipe cleaner as his neck, spine, and tail, and then bend another into
a u-shape to make his feet. Wrap the feet around the spine piece. Next,
roll out clay to wrap around the pipe cleaners. Let the clay dry overnight.
The next day you may want to paint your dinosaur using non-toxic paint.
His eyes should be white, but feel free to color your dinosaur as you
wish. Nobody really knows how dinosaurs were colored, so don’t let
anyone tell you that your dinosaur can’t be pink. Lastly, put him on your
desk and watch as he or she scares away bullies and pencil thieves.
7. One day, Dino the Dinosaur decided to go for a walk to the
watering hole. It was a sunny day and the sky was blue and clear.
Dino was thinking about his girlfriend Dina when he saw a pack of
wild lizards and animals running through the plains in a frenzy.
Dino tried to ask the critters why they were running, but they just
kept running. Dino scratched his dinosaur head and continued
walking toward the watering hole. Soon after, Dino heard a loud
thumping noise like the slow beat of a drum. The earth shook and
fruit fell from the trees, but Dino was so deep in thought over his
girl Dina that he didn’t even notice. The thumping grew louder and
louder as Tyra the Tyrannosaurs Rex approached Dino. Dino kept
thinking about his girl Dina until the moment Tyra ate him.
8. Fire needs three things to burn: oxygen, fuel, and heat. Fuels
can be wood, tinder, coal, or any other substance that will easily
oxidize. Therefore, a fire can be stopped in three different ways,
by removing any of the three things it needs to burn. The fuel
can be removed. If a fire burns through all of its fuel and extra
nearby fuel is removed, the fire will stop burning. The oxygen
can be removed. This is called "smothering" a fire. Fires cannot
burn in a vacuum or if they are covered in carbon dioxide. The
heat can be removed. The most common way to remove heat is
to use water to absorb that heat, putting the fire out.
9. When a river receives a lot of extra water, it may flood.
During a flood, there is plenty of water, and most people
wouldn’t think that dehydration was a serious risk, but
flood waters are mostly polluted and not safe to drink.
People who drink the contaminated water may suffer from
illnesses or diseases such as typhoid. You can prepare for
flooding by filling many containers with fresh clean drinking
water. You can also use sandbags to protect your house
and to soak up the water. Be prepared and be safe.
10. Avalanches (when a lot of snow falls from a
mountain) may bury people under them. If people are
not found immediately enough by rescue teams, they
will die of suffocation (not getting enough air) or of
hypothermia (freezing cold). The chance of surviving
an avalanche is as follows: 92% if found within 15
minutes, 30% if found within 35 minutes (victims die
of suffocation), and nearly 0% after two hours
(victims die of injuries and hypothermia).
Abstraction
• Why do you have to learn about text
organization?
• Cite some benefits of learning about text
organization.
• As a student
• As a business owner
• As a social media user
• As a company employee/ job applicant
Quiz
Quiz
Identify what is being asked for.
 1
A property of a well-written text that
refer to the clear and logical pattern in
writing

T_____________ O___________
 2
These words are textual cues that
readers can use to follow a text, such as
transition from one point to another, the
ordering of events and concepts, etc.

S_____________ W_____________
 3
This provides the framework upon which
the text is organized, consists of the
beginning, middle, and end

S____________
 4
This is an aspect of the organization that
is immediately apparent to the reader as
it is seen in how the text physically
appears like headings and subheadings,
bullet points or font emphasis

P____________ F______________
 5
Also known as “hook”

L_________