Checking of

Attendance
Recap of the
Previous
Lesson
4 Pics, 1 Word
EUAEILTRTR
LITERATURE
WIERVE
REVIEW
EUAEILTRTR WIERVE
LITERATURE REVIEW
 K W L H
What do you What do you What do you How do you
know about want to want to want to
literature know about learn about learn about
review? literature literature literature
review? review? review?
Lesson Proper
Literature
Review
Reading and Writing Skills
2nd Semester | SY 2016-2017

Miss Hazel Angelyn E. Tesoro

Teacher III
Literature Review

an integrated analysis
critically describes,
and synthesis of
summarizes, and
scholarly articles
evaluates updated
related to the topics
information from
or issues included in
learning sources
your paper
 Kinds of Learning Sources
Massive
Journal/ Open Online
Webpage Book Social media
Article Course
(MOOC)

Encyclopedia Government
Web image Television Lecture notes
/ Dictionary publication

Dissertation/
Conference Newspaper Online video Blog
Thesis

Audio or
Interview Film or DVD Report
podcast
Nature and Purpose of a Literature Review
synthesizes and
an overview and
evaluates the
a type of academic critique of work
relevant scholarly
essay that already has
paper on a
been published
particular topic

contains some of
often serves as a
the major concerns
does not contain first step before
and debates within
any new research embarking on a
a particular
research project
discipline
 What’s the difference?

LITERATURE REVIEW RESEARCH REPORT

• does not try to make a • attempts to develop a new
new argument based on argument
original research • typically has a literature
• summarizes, synthesizes, review as one of its parts
and critiques the • the author uses the
arguments and ideas of literature review to show
others, and points to gaps how his or her new insights
build upon and depart from
in the current literature
existing scholarship
#1 Picking a Topic
• A topic that you find
compelling and that is
relevant to the course
• The topic should be
relatively narrow, not
broad, so that it does
not overwhelm the
writer
 #2 Finding Relevant Literature
• Some examples of the advent of electronic databases
#2 Finding Relevant Literature
• Use keywords or phrases
closely associated with the
topic
• Search with one or two
phrases enclosed by quotation
marks
• “Edsa Revolution”
• “Edsa Revolution economic
impact”
• “Edsa Revolution economy”
https://scholar.google.com
https://search.crossref.org/
http://gen.lib.rus.ec/
http://gen.lib.rus.ec/
Liu, J. H., & Gastardo-Conaco, C.
(2011). Theory and Methods of a
Representational Approach to
Understanding Social Movements:
The Role of the EDSA Revolution
in a National Psychology of
Protest for the Philippines. Social
Justice Research, 24(2), 168-190.
doi:10.1007/s11211-011-0131-x
Other download mirrors

http://libgen.lc/
http://libgen.pw/
http://b-ok.org/
http://bookfi.net/
#3 Evaluating the Literature

To determine which ones seem to make

the most important contributions to the
scholarship on the topic

Helpful in figuring out how to organize

the material later when composing the
review
#3 Evaluating the Literature
Questions to
Ask about Does the article
have a clear thesis
Individual statement?
Articles
Is that thesis
supported by a What strategies or Was the article
well-organized methodologies published in a
argument that does the author respected
uses convincing use in the article? academic journal?
evidence?

What original
Is the author How recently was contribution does
someone who the article the article make to
seems reliable? published? the discussion
about the topic?
 Defines and
identifies the
topic and
establishes the
#4 Organizing a Literature Review reason for the
literature
review

INTRO

Explains the Points to

criteria used in general trends
analyzing and in what has
comparing been published
articles about the topic
 Groups
articles into
thematic
clusters, or
#4 Organizing a Literature Review subtopics

Keeps
Proceeds in a
quotations
logical order
from sources BODY from cluster to
to an absolute
cluster
minimum.

Emphasizes
the main
findings or
arguments of
the articles in
the student’s
own words
 Summarizes the
major themes
that emerged in
the review and
#4 Organizing a Literature Review
identifies areas
of controversy in
the literature

END
Provides some
insight into the
Pinpoints
relationship
strengths and
between that
weaknesses
topic and the
among the
larger field of
articles
study or
discipline.
Most of you correctly begin with an
introduction, where you might
discuss their overall purpose,
hypothesis, and so forth.

But then you’ll begin the first

paragraph with ‘Author 1 says this.’

Then, the next paragraph you’ll say,

‘Author 2 says this,’ making each
paragraph about a separate author.

Notice that you’re not connecting the

authors in any way.

You will continue this until you run

out of sources.
Creating Clusters or Subtopics

Chronological

Thematic

Methodological
Chronological Grouping
• Groups the material
according to when it
was published or
the time period the
material addresses
• Traces the evolution
of a certain theme
or idea over time
Thematic Groupings
• Sections might be
organized around
particular
subthemes within
the essay’s topic
Another way to look at
this is to imagine a
series of buckets, with
each bucket
representing a cluster
or theme we start
noticing in the
literature. As we
collect more sources,
we can place them
into their respective
themed-buckets.

Now that we have our

themes, we can begin
to organize our paper
in such a way that it
is idea-driven, as
opposed to author-
driven, or a series of
unrelated, separate
statements, one for
each author.
Methodological Grouping
• Does not focus so
much on the
content, but the
“methods” of the
researcher or
writer
This big bubble is a visual representation of all of the
relevant literature on your topic, anything and
everything, including research on the topic itself or
even maybe a theory that is somehow connected.

The size of the bubble is determined by your topic.

Some broader topics have larger bubbles.

Now, assume that as we are reading this material,

we begin to see certain patterns, or themes. We start
to see that different authors begin discussing the
same things.

Those things might be a definition of an abstract

term, a methodology, an interaction between certain
variables, or a disagreement.

As the reader, we can begin to categorize our sources

by those themes, breaking the bubble into several
smaller bubbles, each of which address a topic
within the literature review.

Notice how this step has you organize the

information into more understandable chunks. This
is what your literature review is trying to do.
Sample literature
review
 The study of democracy and democratization has dominated the field of
comparative politics. Scholars have varied in their approach of how to define
and measure democracy; however, the most recognized definition of
democracy belongs to Schumpeter (1976) which states that democracy "is that
institutional arrangement for arriving at political decisions in which individuals
acquire the power to decide by means of a competitive struggle for the
people's vote". Dahl's (1971) notion of democracy poses an ideal form of the
government, unachievable by today's standards. In sum, defining democracy,
although important, presents a variety of challenges.
Various measures of democracy have been posited by scholars.
Przeworski, Alverez, Cheibub, and Limongi (2000) argue that democracy is a
dichotomous variable, existing only if (1) a chief executive is elected; (2) the
legislature is elected; (3) there is more than one political party ; and (4) a
change in power has occurred. Other scholars, however, assert that universal
and equal suffrage are essential in the conceptualization of democracy
(Rueschemeyer, Stephens, and Stephens 1992). This dichotomous notion of
democracy , although useful in distinguishing countries from authoritarian
regimes, ignores the transitionary nature of democratic governance (Lipset
2006). Marshall and Jagger's (2003) Polity IV measure consider the
progressive nature of democracy, while other scholars utilize a measure of
democratic political rights (Freedom House 2005). The choice of measure,
however, strictly depends on the questions being asked.
Why Write a Literature Review?
To synthesize the material

To write about the relationships between the

articles you’re using

To define the connection between articles

To explain how they come together to represent a

body of knowledge on a subject
 Relational Words and Phrases
• on one hand • elaborates
• on the other hand • undermines
• contrary to • explores / investigates
• in line with • contributes to the
research on
• parallel to
• enters the debate
• related to • re-emphasizes the
• linked to categories
• responds to • in agreement with
 Relational Words and Phrases
• in opposition to • reinforces a similar
• in confirmation of focus/approach/tone
• in response to •a slightly different
• in reaction against focus/approach/tone
• in contrast to • a broader scope a
narrower scope more
• influenced by
specific / more general
• rejects
• confuses
 Relational Words and Phrases
• in the same vein • revisits the same subject
• revolutionizes the field of
• in a different • bypasses the debate
sphere • breaks out of the
• adapts paradigm
• misses • goes beyond
• misinterprets criticizes
• supports
Activity
Title of paper
Paragraph #
No. of References
Cluster type
Explanation
Assignment
• Send me a copy of your Chapter 2
• Messenger account: Hazel Angelyn Thesaurus
• Find additional resources relevant to your
paper
Any questions,
so far? 
Analysis and
Abstraction
Analysis and Abstraction
• What should you do before writing a
literature review?
• How should you write a literature review?
• What is the value of learning how to write a
literature review? How is it important to
you as a student? As a researcher?
Any questions,
so far? 
Quiz
 1
It is an integrated analysis and synthesis
of scholarly articles related to the topics
or issues included in your written thesis,
dissertation, or journal article.
 2-5
Four learning sources which updated
information is critically summarized,
described, and evaluated by the answer
in #1.