PENDUL

UM
By Bùi Phương Anh & Trần Thùy Dương

Class: 12 Chinese-English
 ANALYSIS OF
INTRODUCTION 01 02
DYNAMICS
ANALYSI 03 04 REFEREN
S OF CE
ENERGY
INTRODUCTION
• An elastic pendulum consists of a mass (m) attached to a spring
of stiffness k (N/m), whose other end is fixed on a stable object.
• When in motion, the elastic pendulum will oscillate around a fixed
point called the equilibrium or O and it will move between two
boundary positions A and -A. A can be calculated by

is the maximum length when the spring is stretched

is the minimum length when the spring is pressed.
• The time needed for the elastic pendulum to make a complete
oscillation (from A to –A and back and vice versa) is called its
period (or T, measured by second). T can be calculated by the
equation
or (since )
• The frequency (Hz) of the elastic pendulum is
demonstrated by the equation
=.
 Special
positions
of the
elastic
pendulu
m

If we cut the spring into 2 smaller springs, then .  

Besides, if 2 spring is connected in series with each other, then
. If they are parallel, then
 DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS

Acceleration Harmonic oscillation equation

Hooke’s Law on the elastic force

Dynamics equation
a) ACCELERATION
●  
According to Newton’s II Law:

=> -kx=ma.
Assume =>
b) Hooke’s Law on the
elastic force ●   pulling the mass to position M whose
When
distance from O is x, x is called the
displacement of the elastic pendulum. At this
time, the pendulum is under the elastic force
of the spring. This force always directs to O
and is in opposite direction to x.
It is calculated with the formula :

k is the stiffness of the spring

Hooke’s Law
experiment
 c) Dynamics equation
• Eliminating the friction and applying Newton’s II Law we have:
or .
 • Set we have the dynamics equation of the elastic pendulum:

d) Harmonic oscillation equation

• The harmonic oscillation equation of the elastic pendulum is the solution to
 
the aforementioned dynamics equation:

In which: A is the amplitude and always has a positive value

is the oscillating phase at t
is the initial oscillating phase
is the angular frequency (measured by rad/s or deg/s)
Explanation of the harmonic
oscillation equation
 Analysis of energy

Potential energy Kinetic energy Mechanical

(PE) (KE) energy
 a) Potential energy

 
The elastic force on the pendulum is If  is replaced by the displacement
. equation of the pendulum based on time
Therefore, the potential energy is then we have the potential energy equation
calculated by: based on oscillation time:
.

Caution: The potential energy of the pendulum under the

 effect of elastic force is the elastic potential force of the
spring
 b) Kinetic energy
According to definition, the  
kinetics energy of the pendulum
is:
If is replaced by the derivative of
displacement x we have the kinetic
energy
equation based on the amount of
oscillation time:
 c) Mechanical energy
• The mechanical energy of the mass or the whole elastic pendulum is calculated with the
equation:

• We can see from the equation above that the mechanical energy of the elastic pendulum is
independent of oscillation time. We say that it is conserved. Besides, since so :

• Based on the equation above we can see that the mechanical energy is directly proportionate
to the amplitude.
 

 
 REFERENCE

Pendulum… but not elastic

Elastic… but not pendulum

 REFEREN
CE

Spring swing

Bungee jumping
Initial Conditions:
REFEREN
X = 1; Vx = 0; Y = 0; Vy = 0; Z=
1.1;
CE
Vz = 0; Some regimes make familiar shapes
Parameters: w= 3; g = 9; l = 1;
So motion stays in the XZ plane
Positive Z is vertical. Motion is
shown to be relatively changeless
over 50s
 REFEREN
Initial Conditions: CE
X = 1; Vx = 0; Y = 0; Vy = .2;
Z=1.1; What happens if we shake things
Vz = 0; up?
Parameters w = 1; g = 10; l = 1;
totalTime = 200;
stepsPerSec = 10;
REFEREN
CE
 FOR
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