Chapter VI:

LEARNING OBJECTIVE
 At the end of this lesson, the students are
expected to:

01 Know the difference between a citizen and

citizenship;

02
Identify the ways of Acquiring
Citizenship; and

03 Demonstrate the Filipino duties

responsibilities as a citizens.
and
 CIT I Z ENSHIP

CITIZENSHIP IS A TERM DENOTING

MEMBERSHIP OF A CITIZEN IN A POLITICAL
SOCIETY.

I t m eans m ak i n g yourself B E a part of the

STATE or in a certain place. I f a person
becomes a citizen of the STATE, then h e / s h e
i s then protected by the law a s impli cated
and part of the DUTY OF PROTECTION.
Also, DUTY OF ALLEGIANCE is built
a m o n g citizens in the s am e state.
 CIT I Z ENSHIP

CITIZEN IS A PERSON HAVING

THE TITLE OF CITIZENSHIP.

When a person becomes a citizen of the

STATE, h e / s h e will then enjoy full civil
and political rights an d i s accorded
protection inside an d outside the territory
of the STATE.
 CIT I Z ENSHIP

CITIZENSHIP AND CITIZEN

DISTINGUISHED FROM NATIONALITY
AND NATIONAL

“Citizenship” an d “citizen” does not mean exactly

a s “nationality” an d “national”.
 MEANING OF SUBJECT AND
ALIEN
CITIZEN IS A MEMBER OF A DEMOCRATIC COUNTRY.
Democratic means the STATE or COUNTRY uses democracy
as the form of government where people has the authority to choose
their governing legislators like Presidents and Senators.

SUBJECT IS THE SAME A CITIZEN BUT IN A

MONARCHIAL STATE.
Monarchial is a form of government where king, queen, or the
emperor is the sovereign head of the state.

ALIEN IS A CITIZEN OF A COUNTRY WHO IS

RESIDING OR PASSING TO ANOTHER COUNTRY.
They are commonly termed as “foreigner.”
GENERAL WAYS OF ACQUIRING CITIZENSHIP

I nvolunt ary Volunt ary

method method
By birth due to By naturalization.
blood
relationship or
p l ace of birth .
WHAT ARE THE MODES I N
ACQUIRING PHILIPPINES
CITIZENSHIP?
1. FILIPINO BY BIRTH/ NATURAL BORN FILIPINO

Jus Soli (right of soil) which is l e ga l principle that a

person’s nationality at birth is determined by the p l ace
of birth (e.g. the territory of a g i v en state).

Jus sanguinis (right of blood) which is the l egal

principle that, at birth, an individual acquires the
nationality of his/ her natural parent/s. The Philippine
adheres to this principle.

2. . FILIPINO NATURALIZATION/NATURALIZED
CITIZEN
I t is the judicial act of adopt i ng foreigner
and clothing him with the privileges of a
native-born citizen. It implies the
renunciation of a former nationality and the
fact of entrance into a similar relation
towards a new body.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
FILIPINO CITIZEN
(Article IV, Section
1, Philippine
1.Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the
times of the adoption of this Constitution;
Constitution)
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of
the Philippines;
3.Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino
mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon
Teaching the age to majority; and
4.Those who are naturalized in accordance with
law.
IDEALS POLICY ON NATURALIZATION
Naturalization is the act of formally adopting a foreigner
into the political body to the state and clothing him with the
rights and privilege of citizenship. lt implies the renunciation of
a former nationality and the fact of entrance to a similar
relation towards a new body politic.

NATURE OF NATURALIZATION
An alien does not have a natural, inherent or vested
fight to be admitted to citizenship in a state. Citizenship is a
matter of grace, favor or privilege which a sovereign
government may confer on, or withhold from, an alien or
grant to him under certain conditions.
 THREE WAYS OF ACQUIRING CITIZENSHIP BY
NATURALIZATION
1. BY JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
The foreigner who wants to become a Filipino citizen must apply
for naturalization with the proper Regional Trial Court/ Court of
First Instance. The Revise Naturalization Act is the present
naturalization law. Such law shall also continue in force
pursuant to a transitory provision of the Constitution (Art. XVIll,
C.3.);
2. BY DIRECT ACT OF CONGRESS
In this case our law making body simply enacts act directly
conferring citizenship to a foreigner.
3. BY ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDING
Under R.A. No.9139, known as the Administrative
Naturalization Law of 2000, aliens born and residing in e
Philippines may be granted Philippine citizenship by
administrative proceedings before a special committee
naturalization. The petition for Citizenship shall filled with the
committee which has the power to prove, deny or reject
application as provided in the law.
 WHO MAY QUALIFY
AS PHILIPPINE CITIZEN
BY NATURALIZATION
UNDER
Under Section 2, CA 573 or the Revised THE REVISED
Naturalization Law the applicant must possess
NATURALIZATION ACT?
following qualifications:
the
1. He must not be less than twenty-one years of age on
the day of the hearing of the petition;

2.He must have resided in the Philippines for

a continuous period of not less than ten years;

3.He must be of good moral character and believes in the

principles underlying the Philippine Constitution, and
must have conducted himself in a proper and
irreproachable manner during the entire period of his
residence in the Philippines in his relation with the
constituted government as well as with the community in
which he is Iiving;
 WHO MAY QUALIFY
AS PHILIPPINE CITIZEN
BY NATURALIZATION
UNDER
4. He must own real estate in the Philippines worth not THE REVISED
NATURALIZATION ACT?
less than five thousand pesos, Philippine Currency, or
must have some known lucrative trade, profession, or
lawful occupation;

5. He must be able to speak or write English or Spanish

or anyone of the principal languages;

6.He must have enrolled his minor children of school

age in any of the public or private schools recognized by
the Bureau of Public Schools of the Philippines where
Philippine history, government and civics are taught or
prescribed as part of the school curriculum, during the
entire period of the residence in the Philippines required
of him prior to the hearing of the petition for
naturalization as Philippine citizen;
 WHO ARE NOT QUALIFIED TO APPLY FOR
NATURALIZATION OF THE REVISED
NATURALIZATION LAW?

Under Section of 4 of the Revised Naturalization Law, the following

persons cannot quality for Philippine citizenship:

1. Persons opposed to organized government or affiliated with any

association or group of persons who uphold and teach doctrines
opposing all organized governments;

2. Persons defending or teaching the necessity or propriety of

violence, personal assault, or assassination for the success and
predominance of their ideas; Polygamists or believers in the practice
of polygamy;

3. Persons convicted of crimes involving moral turpitude;

 WHO ARE NOT QUALIFIED TO APPLY FOR
NATURALIZATION OF THE REVISED
NATURALIZATION LAW?

4.Persons suffering from mental alienation or incurable

contagious diseases;

5.Persons who during the period of their stay in the Philippines,

have not mingled socially with the Filipinos, or who have not
evinced a Sincere desire to learn and embrace the customs,
traditions, and ideals of the Filipinos;

6.Citizens or subjects of nations with whom the Philippines is at

war;

7.Citizens or subjects of a foreign country other than the United

States, whose laws do not grant Filipinos the right to become
naturalized citizens or subject thereof;
 LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP

A Filipino citizen may lose his citizenship

in any of the following ways:

1. VOLUNTARY
• By Naturalization in a foreign
country
• By express renunciation of citizenship
(expatriation)
• By subscribing to an oath of
allegiance to support the constitution
and law of foreign country.
• By rendering service to or accepting
commission in the armed forces of a
foreign country.
 LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP

The voluntary loss or renunciation of one’s

nationality is called EXPATRIATION.

2. INVOLUNTARY
• By cancellation of his certificate of
naturalization by the court

• By having been declared by competent

authority a deserter of the Philippine armed
forces in times of war.
 WHAT ARE THE GROUNDS FOR REACQUIRING LOST PHILIPPINE
CITIZENSHIP?
1. By naturalization
2. By repatriation-affected by merely taking the necessary path of
allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and registering the same
in the proper civil registry.
3. By direct act of congress.

RETENTION AND ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP

Under R.A. 9225 otherwise known as the “Citizenship Retention and
Re-Acquisition Act of 2003” which was approved in August 29, 2003,
natural born citizens of the Philippines who have lost their Philippine
citizenship by reason of naturalization as citizens of a foreign country are
deemed to have reacquired Philippine citizenship upon taking an oath of
allegiance to the Philippine Republic.
 OATH OF ALLEGIANCE
“I (Name) solemnly swear (or affirm) that will support and defend the
Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines and obey the laws and
legal orders promulgated by the duly constituted authorities of the
Philippines; and hereby declare that recognize and will maintain true
faith and allegiance thereto; and that is impose this obligation upon
myself without mental preservation or purpose of evasion.”
The natural-born citizens of the Philippines who, after the
effectivity of the Act, become citizens of a foreign country shall retain
their Philippine citizenship upon taking the aforesaid oath.

DERIVATIVE CITIZENSHIP
The unmarried child, whether legitimate, illegitimate or adopted,
below 18 years of age. Of those who reacquire Philippine citizenship upon
effectivity of the Act shall be deemed citizens of the Philippines.
 CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES
Those who shall retain or re- acquire Philippine citizenship
under the Act shall enjoy full civil and political rights and be
subject to all attendant liabilities and responsibilities under
existing laws of the Philippines and the following conditions:
1. Those intending to exercise their right of suffrage must meet
the requirement under Section 1, Article V of the Philippine
Constitution, RA 9189 otherwise known as “The Overseas
Absentee Voting Act of 2003 and other existing laws.
2. Those seeking elective public office in the Philippines shall
meet the qualification for holding such public office as
required by the Constitution and existing laws and, at the
time of the filing of the certificate of candidacy, make a
personal and sworn renunciation of any and all foreign
citizenship before any public officer authorized to administer
oath;
3.Those appointed to any public office shall subscribe and swear
to an oath of allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and its
duly constituted authorities prior to their assumption of office.
They must renounce their oath of allegiance to the foreign
country where they took that oath;

4.Those intending to practice their profession in the Philippines

shall apply with the proper authority for a license or permit to
engaged in such practice; and

5. The right to vote or be elected or appointed to any public office

in the Philippines cannot be extended to, those who:
a. Are candidates for or are occupying any public office in the
country of which they are naturalized citizens; and/or
b. Are in active service as commissioned or non-commissioned
officers in the armed forces of the country of which they are
naturalized.
 WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF MARRIAGE OF A
CITIZEN TO AN ALIEN?

1. Under Section 4, a Filipino Citizen who marries does not

automatically lose his or her citizenship, even if his or her
nationality was granted by his or her husband’s or wife’s country.

2. Only by their act or omission are they deemed under the law to
have renounced their citizenship such as taking an oath of
allegiance to a foreign country.

3. If a Filipino woman marries an alien and acquires her husband’s

citizenship, she will possess two citizenships, Philippine
citizenship and that of her husband.
 WHAT IS AN ALLEGIANCE?
Allegiance is a loyalty owed by a person to his state. Section 5
prohibits more particularly naturalized Filipinos from practicing what is
called "dual allegiance" declaring it inimical to national interests. Note
that that Section 5 prohibits is not dual citizenship but dual allegiance
of citizens.
Dual citizenship refers to the possession of two citizenships by an
individual, that of his original citizenship and that of the country where
he became a naturalized citizen. It arises because our laws cannot
control laws of other states on citizenship but dual allegiance can be a
matter of personal choice or decision.
 WHAT ARE THE
DUTIES AND
OBLIGATION OF
1. To be loyal to the republic. THE CITIZENS?
Loyalty implies faith and confidence in the republic - love and
devotion to the country. The citizen must be proud of his
country, its customs, traditions, language, and institutions. He
must share in its glories and feel in its misfortunes.

2. To defend the State.

Men may differ and do differ on religious beliefs and creeds,
government policies, the wisdom and validity and laws, even
the correctness or judicial decisions and decrees, but in field of
love of country, national unity, and patriotism, they can hardly
afford to differ for these are matters in which they are mutually
and vitally interested, for to them they mean national existence
or survival as a nation or national extinction.
 WHAT ARE THE
DUTIES AND
OBLIGATION OF
3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the THE CITIZENS?
state.
The development and welfare of the state should be the concern
of every citizen tor he will be the first to enjoy the benefits
thereof. Anything that affects him, individually and personally.
He is affected by its ills and disorder, growth and stability.

To uphold the constitution and obey the laws.

It is the shrine for all the hopes and visions for our nation.
Laws are enacted in accordance with it for the good of all. It is
therefore the duty of every citizen to defend and respect the
constitution and obey the laws. It the people would disregard
them, the government would collapse, and this would mean
lawlessness and the disintegration of the social order. The
constitution contains provis1ons designed to insure that is the
accord.
 WHAT ARE THE
DUTIES AND
OBLIGATION OF
5. To cooperate with the duly constituted authorities.
The larger interest of the group and the nation that he must
THE CITIZENS?
serve necessarily involve his own. And, he would be recreant to
the claims of that interest he did not actively concern himself
with the affairs of his government. It is not enough for example
that a citizen should take care that in his daily life he does not
violate any of the multitudinous rules.

6.To exercise rights responsively with due regards to the

rights to others.
Society is composed of men, each with interest of his own. In
the course of life, the interest of man conflict with those to
many others. Amidst the continuous clast on interest, the
ruling social philosophy should be that, the ultimate social
order, the welfare of every man depends upon the welfare of all.
 WHAT ARE THE
DUTIES AND
OBLIGATION OF
7. To engage in gainful work.
Employment is not the obligation solely of the state. Every
THE CITIZENS?
citizen should consider it his own responsibility and should
strive to become a useful an productive member of society to
assure not only himself but, perhaps, more important, his
family a life worthy of human dignity.

8. To register and vote.

Suffrage is both a privilege and a duty which every qualified
citizen must perform. It is through suffrage that the will of the
people is expressed. The quality of public official of the
government, depend, direct or indirectly, upon the voters.
THANK YOU