THE THIRD PHILIPPINE

REPUBLIC
July 4, 1946- Sept. 23, 1972
REPORT OUTLINE
I. INTRODUCTION
II. ADMINISTRATIONS UNDER THE THIRD
REPUBLIC
A. Roxas (1946- 1948)
B. Quirino (1948- 1953)
C. Magsaysay (1953- 1957)
D. Garcia (1957- 1961)
E. Macapagal (1961- 1965)
F. Marcos (1965- 1973)
III. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
I. Introduction
July 4, 1946- US recognized the independence of
the Philippines

It was also on this date that the Third Philippine

Republic was inaugurated.

The independence of the Philippines was

marked by Manuel Roxas retaking his oath as
President of the Philippines, eliminating the
pledge of allegiance to the US required prior to
independence.
On this day, the Republic of the Philippines-
independent, and recognized by the family of
nations- was founded.

The provisions of the 1935 Constitution defined

the government structure, which provided for
the establishment of three co-equal branches
of government.
Executive power rests in the President,
legislative power in two Houses of Congress
and judicial power in the Supreme Court, and
inferior courts.

Separation of powers is recognized.

II. Administrations under The Third
Republic
A. The Roxas Administration
A. The Roxas Administration
From May 28, 1946 to April 15, 1948

Roxas became the first President of the New

Republic having been elected on April 23, 1946.

Although Roxas was successful in getting

rehabilitation funds from the US after
Independence, he was forced to concede
military bases, and special privileges for US
property owners and investors.
A. The Roxas Administration
His administration was marred by graft and
corruption.

Roxas did not stay long in his office because

of a heart attack on April 15, 1948.
B. The Quirino Administration
B. Quirino Administration
April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953

President Quirino established the Action

Committee on Social Amelioration through 
Administrative Order No. 68, in order to
efficiently promote the welfare of citizens in
the rural districts
B. The Quirino Administration
He established the Social Security Study
Commission by virtue of 
Executive Order No. 150, to investigate socio-
economic problems of the working class and
formulate legislation developing social welfare.

The Labor Management Advisory Board,

established by Executive Order No. 158,
formulated labor policies and conducted
studies on the ways and means of preventing,
minimizing, and reconciling labor disputes.
B. The Quirino Administration
 The Agricultural Credit and Cooperative
Financing Administration, established by 
Republic Act. No. 821, assisted farmers in
securing credit as well as developing
cooperative associations to efficiently market
their agricultural commodities.
B. The Quirino Administration
The Quirino administration came to a close in
the presidential elections of 1953. It was a
battle between incumbent Liberal Party of
President Elpidio Quirino against the
charismatic Nacionalista candidate Ramon
Magsaysay. It was a landslide victory for
Ramon Magsaysay, who gained 2,912,992 votes
or 68.9% of the electorate.
C. The Magsaysay Administration
C. The Magsaysay Administration
December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957

The Laurel-Langley Agreement, signed during

the Magsaysay administration, gave the
Philippines a preferential trade system with
the United States and other countries. Among
its provisions were the right to impose quotas
on non-quota articles and the right to impose
export taxes.
C. The Magsaysay Administration
Among the accomplishments of the
Magsaysay administration were the Social
Security Law of 1954 or Republic Act No. 1161.

On March 17, 1957, President Magsaysay and 25

other passengers of the presidential plane  Mt.
Pinatubo perished in a crash, at Mt.
Manunggal, Cebu.
D. The Garcia Administration
D. The Garcia Administration
March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961

The Garcia administration promoted the

“Filipino First” policy, whose focal point was
to regain economic independence; a national
effort by Filipinos to “obtain major and
dominant participation in their economy.”
D. The Garcia Administration
The administration campaigned for the
citizens’ support in patronizing Filipino
products and services, and implemented
import and currency controls favorable for
Filipino industries.

Another achievement of the Garcia

administration was the Bohlen–Serrano
Agreement of 1959, which shortened the term of
lease of the US military bases in the country
from the previous 99 to 25 years.
E. The Macapagal Administration
E. The Macapagal Administration
December 30, 1961- December 30, 1965

President Macapagal, too, aimed at self-

sufficiency and the promotion of every
citizen’s welfare, through the partnership of
the government and private sector, and to
alleviate poverty by providing solutions for
unemployment.
E. The Macapagal Administration
Macapagal changed the date of celebration of
Philippine Independence from July 4 to June 12,
the latter date having been the day when in
1898, Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence
from Spain.

The Macapagal administration closed with the

presidential elections of 1965. The “Poor boy
from Lubao” was defeated by Ferdinand E.
Marcos.
F. The Marcos Administration
F. The Marcos Administration
December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986

Ferdinand Marcos is the last President of the

Third Republic.
F. The Marcos Administration
The promotion of Philippine heritage, culture,
and arts was achieved through the
establishment of the Cultural Center of the
Philippines (CCP) in 1969.

President Marcos won his re-election bid in the

1969 presidential elections against Sergio
Osmeña Jr.
F. The Marcos Administration
Efforts to amend the 1935 Constitution started
on August 24, 1970
While Constitutional Convention was still in
session, President Ferdinand E. Marcos
declared Martial Law on September 21, 1972.
The Constitutional Convention completed the
draft Constitution on November 29, 1972. It was
submitted for ratification through citizens’
assembly on January 17, 1973. This is known as
the 1973 Constitution.
F. The Marcos Administration
The “ratification” of the 1973 Constitution
marked the end of the Third Republic and the
beginning of the Bagong Lipunan—the New
Society as the martial law regime was called—
under President Marcos.
III. Summary and Conclusion
The inauguration of the Third Republic marked
the fulfillment of the long struggle for
independence that began with the Philippine
Revolution on August 23, 1896 (recent
scholarship suggests, on August 24) and which
was formalized on June 12, 1898 with the
Proclamation of Philippine Independence at
Kawit, Cavite.
There was a separation of powers between
the Legislative, Judicial, and Executive
branches.

But although technically, the Legislative,

Judicial, and Executive branches of the
government were manned by Filipino leaders,
it should be noted that still, the three branches
were influenced by the United States.
Reporters:
Margheri Baylin
Lodelyn Chua
Kristianly Hazel Esclares