TYPES OF ROPE

1. LAID ROPE ( static) – natural or synthetic fibers are

twisted into yarns, the yarns are twisted into strands, and the
strands are twisted into rope. Laid or Hawser rope with
diameter of around 11 millimeters and made of strong nylon
make an excellent general mountaineering rope .
2. KERNMANTLE ROPE

A large number of
filaments
(kern) running the whole
length of the rope are
contained in a braided
sheath
( mantle). This construction
gives the rope a high tensile
strength, superior
protection
from abrasion, and
comparative freedom from
twisting.
1. Coiling and uncoiling
2. Use: be careful not to step on the rope when
using it. Always carry the rope coiled, slung
around the shoulders or inside the pack. Never
leave the rope lying on the ground in the
campsite.
3. Storage: dirt or grit should be wiped or washed off
with a mild soap, not with a detergent. When wet,
let it dry in a shaded area, hung in a loose coil.
Direct exposure to the heat of the sun will
hasten its deterioration. When, dry, coil and then
store in a cool, dry place.
1. STOPPERS

Knots most often used to prevent the end of a

length of rope slipping to an eye or to hole. It
could also be used to bind the end of the line so
that it will not unravel.
2. HITCHES

Knots used to secure a rope to a post, hook ring

or rail. It keeps their shapes on their own.
a. Clove Hitch
c. Taunt Line Hitch – this knot is used for tying a
tent guyline. One can tighten or loosen the line by
pushing the hitch downward or upward.
3. LOOPS

Made to be dropped over an object, unlike

hitches are made directly around the object and
follow its shapes.
b. Threaded figure – of – eight loop – This is a variation of
the figure –of-eight are for tying on to the rope and
for anchoring non-climbing members of a team.
4. BENDS

Knots used to join the end of two length of

rope to form one longer piece. Ideally, to ensure
that the knot is secure, two ropes that are to be
joined should be of the same kind and have the
same diameter.
a. Square knot – a binding knot, it is used for tying two
ends of the same rope. It is useful in tying bundles
and packages and is indispensable in first aid.
c. Double fisherman’s knot – A
variation of the fisherman’s
knot, this is used to join
two ropes intended to
support a person because it
is less likely to unravel.
5. RUNNING

Also known as slip or nooses, their main

characteristics are that they tighten the objects on
which they are tied but slacken when the strain is
reduce.
 Prusik Loop

The Kleimheist
BELAY – the securing of person with rope to keep him
from falling a long enough distance to cause harm.

BELAYER – The one who performs the belay

1. When a person is rock climbing or
mountaineering. Should he slip, a belay might to
able to hold him.
2. In a rescue situation where there is danger of
falling.
3. When a person is crossing an area not generally
dangerous, but there is a small area of
exposure.
4. When a person is unsure of himself in attempting
a new skill, such as rappelling at the first time.
5. When a person’s physical or mental
capabilities are diminished, such as
when he has been injured or is suffering
vertigo.
6. When environmental factors, such as
potential rock falls or areas slick with ice,
increase the danger of falling.
7. When one or more persons are being
lowered by rope, such as in a rescue.
8. When one or more people are being
raised by rope, such as in rescue.
Climber: “On belay?”
- I am about to climb/rappel, are you ready to
catch me if I fall?

Belayer: “Belay On!”

-I am ready to cathch you if you fall

Climber: “Slack”
-There is too much tension on the rope.

Climber: “Tension”
-Hold the rope tightly for a bit, this might be a
difficult move.
Is pull on the rappel rope from the bottom. A
common use of the bottom belay is to assist a
rappeller who is in danger of losing control. It is, in
essence, a substitute for the rappeller’s control
hand. This pull from the bottom increases friction
on the rappeller’s descender.