Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 1 Introduction Statistics
Chapter 1 Introduction Statistics
Chapter 1
Introduction
in decision making
According to Coxton and Cowden, Statistics is the
science which deals with the collection, analysis
and interpretation of numerical data.
Statistics
The branch of mathematics that transforms data into
useful information for decision makers.
Collect data
e.g., Survey
Present data
e.g., Tables and graphs
Characterize data
X i
e.g., Sample mean = n
VARIABLE
A variable is a characteristic of an item or individual.
Classification of Variable: We can classify the variable according to the
Characteristics into two Groups:
1.Qualitative Variables: Color, Occupation etc.
2.Quantitative Variables: Income of a people.
Quantitative variables can be further classifies into two sub-groups:
I.Discrete variable
II.Continuous variables
DATA
Data are the different values associated with a variable.
CONSTANT
A numerical characteristics which does never change or vary it’s value is
termed as constant.
SAMPLE
A sample is the portion of a population selected for analysis.
PARAMETER
A parameter is a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a
population.
Population Sample
believe them.
2. They can be manipulated in such a manner as to establish
foregone conclusions.
3. Even if correct figures are used, these may be presented in