Documentation Styles

Purposes of Citing Sources

To give proper credit to the
original author of a work.
To promote scholarly writing
To help your target audience
identify your original source.
Forms of Citation
In-Text Citation – It requires the
writer to cite the details of the
reference used in a certain part of
his/her essay.
Reference Citation – It refers to the
complete bibliographic entries of all
references used by the writer. This
appears in the reference list found at
the last part of the paper.
GUIDELINES IN IN-TEXT CITATION
(6TH Edition)

 Follow the author- (latest) year of publication

method. Place the period after the citation when it
is at the end of the sentence.
GUIDELINES IN IN-TEXT CITATION
(6TH Edition)
 For a work with 1 AUTHOR only.
Examples:
• According to Sipacio (2014), APA style is required for
business student majors.
• Sipacio (2014) suggests that APA style is required for
business student majors.
• APA style is applied in the social sciences (Sipacio,
2014).
GUIDELINES IN IN-TEXT CITATION
(6TH Edition)
 For a work with 2 AUTHORS, notice the use of “&”
when the citations are inside the parentheses.
Examples:
• According to Sipacio and Barrot (2014), APA style is
required for business student majors.
• Sipacio and Barrot (2014) suggests that APA style is
required for business student majors.
• APA style is applied in the social sciences (Sipacio &
Barrot, 2014).
GUIDELINES IN IN-TEXT CITATION
(6TH Edition)
 For three or more authors, name only the primary
author followed by ‘et al.’ (which means ‘and
authors’)
Examples:
• According to Sipacio et al. (2014), APA style is
appropriate for the field of education.
• Sipacio et al. (2014) suggests that APA style is
appropriate for the field of education.
• APA style is appropriate for the field of education
(Sipacio et al., 2014).
GUIDELINES IN IN-TEXT CITATION
(6TH Edition)
 When you use direct quote, you are required to
include page number (s) enclosed in parenthesis.
Examples:
• Sipacio and Barrot (2014) claimed that “beginners
found the APA style guide too complex” (p. 56).
• According to Sipacio and Barrot (2014), “beginners
found the APA style guide too complex” (p. 56).
• “Beginners found the APA style guide too complex”
(Sipacio & Barrot, 2014, p. 56).
Exercise: (COPY AND ANSWER)

1. Name of Author: Durano

Year of Publication: 2019
Detail: Parents’ decision affects students course
preference.
2. Name of Authors: Abundo, Pamisa
Year of Publication: 2011
Detail: Plagiarism is a serious offense in which
someone takes and uses ideas, information,
concepts, and arguments of someone else.
Exercise:
3. Name of Authors: Butanas et al.
Year of Publication: 2018
Detail: Plagiarism is a crime.
4. Name of Author: Mandela
Year of Publication: 2015
Page: 8
Detail: “Education is the most powerful weapon
that we can use to change the world.”
Guidelines in Reference Citation
(APA 6th Edition)
 Placethe reference list on a new page
separate from the text of your writing;
label this page “References” and align at
the center at the top of the page. Do not
use bold face, underline, or quotation
marks for the title.
 Apply hanging indention. This simply means
the lines following the first line in an entry
should be indented from the left margin.
Guidelines in Reference Citation
(APA 6th Edition)
All text should be double-spaced just
like the rest of the paper.
Follow this sequence in writing the
name of the author: Last name, First
Name Initial, Middle Initial.
Arrange the references in alphabetical
order based on the last names of the
authors.
Guidelines in Reference Citation
(APA 6th Edition)
Do not cut or add the titles.
Capitalize only the first letter of the
first word of a title, the first letter of
the first word of its subtitle after a
colon, and the proper nouns.
Italicize the titles. When the article
title is used, italicize only the journal
title.
Guidelines in Reference Citation
(APA 6th Edition)
For online sources, make sure
to remove the hyperlink of the
URL.
For print sources, place a
period at the end of the entry.
Put “n.d.” (no date) for
sources with no date.
Reference Citation
Books
(Single Author)
Last Name, First Name Initial. Middle
Name Initial. (Year of
Publication). Book Title. Place
of Publication: Name of
Publication.
Books
(Single Author)
 Friedman, T. L. (2009). Hot, flat and crowded: Why we
need a green revolution- and how it can
renew America. NY: Picador.

• Author: Friedman, T. L.
• Year of Publication: 2009
• Title of the Book: Hot, flat and crowded: Why we need a
green revolution- and how it can renew America
• Place of Publication: NY
• Name of Publication: Picador
Books
(Single Author)
 Madamba, J. S. (2016). Experiencing Science:
An activity-based worktext for Grade 8.
Manila: Innovative Educational Materials.
 Chua, R. G. (2016). 21st century literature
from the Philippines and the world. Makati
City: Diwa Learning Systems.
Books
(Two Authors)
Last Name, First Name Initial. Middle
Name Inital., & Last Name, First
Name Initial. Middle Name Initial.
(Year of Publication). Name of the
Book. Place of Publication: Name of
Publication.
Books
(Two Authors)
 Dryzek, J. S., & Dunleavy, P. (2009). Theories of the
democratic state. NH: Palgrave Macmillan.

• Name of the Authors: Dryzek, J. S., & Dunleavy, P.

• Year of Publication: 2009
• Name of the Book: Theories of the democratic state
• Place of Publication: NH
• Name of Publication: Palgrave Macmillan
Books
(Two Authors)
 Barrot, J. S., & Sipacio, P. J. F. (2016).
Communication today: English for
academic & professional purposes for senior
high school. Quezon City: C & E
Publishing.
 Gonzales, C. T., & Yu, P. R. (2017). Essential
English: Worktext in literature and
language. Manila: Rex Book Store.
Books
(3 or more authors)
LastName, First Name Initial. Middle
Name Inital., et al. (Year of
Publication). Name of the
Book. Place of Publication:
Name of Publication.
Books
(Three or More Authors)
 Barrot, J. S., et al. (2016). Communication today:
English for academic & professional
purposes for senior high school. Quezon
City: C & E Publishing.
 DeVera, E. E., et al. (2017). Essential English:
Worktext in literature and language.
Manila: Rex Book Store.
 Julian, A. B., et al. (2017). Pinagyamang
pluma: Ikalawang edisyon. Quezon
City: Phoenix Publishing House.
 Sir, 1 whole sir?
 Yes, 1 whole.
 Unsay answeran sir?
 Page 238-239
 Practice Exercise B (3, 4, 5, 6)

COPY AND ANSWER