SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCURE

SUBMITED BY : • AYUSHI CHAPATWALA

• PRACHI CHARKHAWALA
• BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE • DRASHTI JARIWALA
• SEM:9TH • HETVI KHYALI
• MUDRA DESAI
 WHAT IS INFRASTRUCURE?

• INFRASTRUCTURE IS BASIC PHYSICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES NEEDED FOR

THE OPERATION OF A SOCIETY OR ENTERPRISE OR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, OR THE
SERVICES AND FACILITIES NECESSARY FOR AN ECONOMY TO FUNCTION. IT CAN BE
GENERALLY DEFINED AS THE SET OF INTERCONNECTED STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS THAT
PROVIDE FRAMEWORK SUPPORTING AN ENTIRE STRUCTURE OF DEVELOPMENT. IT IS
AN IMPORTANT TERM FOR JUDGING A COUNTRY OR REGION’S DEVELOPMENT.

• INFRASTRUCTURE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.

TYPES OF INFRASTRURE :

• PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

•  SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
 INFRASTRUCTURE

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

WATER SUPPLY EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS

SOCIO- CULTURAL
SEWAGE FACILITIES

DRAINAGE DISTRIBUTION SERVICES

ELECTRICITY POLICE

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FIRE

 WHAT IS SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE?

• “SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IS THE INTERDEPENDENT MIX OF FACILITIES, PLACES, SPACES,

PROGRAMS, PROJECTS, SERVICES AND NETWORKS THAT MAINTAIN AND IMPROVE THE
STANDARD OF LIVING AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN A COMMUNITY.”

TYPES OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

SOFT INFRASTRUCTURE –
HARD INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAMS, RESOURCES,
SERVICES, AND COMMUNITY AND
- HEALTH FACILITIES AND CENTRES, CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT.
EDUCATION FACILITIES, RECREATION
GROUNDS , POLICE STATIONS, FIRE AND
EMERGENCY SERVICE BUILDINGS, ART
AND CULTURAL FACILITIES AND OTHER
COMMUNITY FACILITIES.
 LEVELS OF SOCIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE:
DISTRICT LEVEL :
COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTRE,
LOCAL LEVEL:
SECONDARY SCHOOL, BRANCH
LOCAL PARK, CHILD CARE CENTRE,
PRIMARY SCHOOL LIBRARY, EMERGENCY SERVICES,
SPORT AND RECREATION CENTRE
•REGIONAL LEVEL :
HOSPITAL, UNIVERSITY/TAFE,
EXHIBITION/ CONVENTION
CENTRE, INDOOR SPORTS
STADIUM AND AQUATIC CENTRE,
REGIONAL OPEN SPACE,
PERFORMING ARTS/CULTURAL
CENTRE
• WHY PROVIDE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE?

1. ENCOURAGE SOCIAL INCLUSION

2. SUPPORT DIVERSE COMMUNITIES
3. CREATE SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES
4. IMPROVE HEALTH AND WELLBEING
5. ACCESS TO FACILITIES, SERVICES AND PROGRAMS
6. SUPPORT A GROWING POPULATION
7. ASSIST ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

• SOCIAL INCLUSION:
 OPEN SPACES AND FACILITIES PROVIDE PLACES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR:
• INTERACTION
• PARTICIPATION
• ENGAGEMENT
• LEADS TO GREATER COMMUNITY COHESION
• SUPPORT A GROWING POPULATION:

1. ATTRACT AND KEEP RESIDENTS THROUGH PROVISION OF QUALITY SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE –

POSITIVE IMPACT ON WORKFORCE

2. RURAL AND REGIONAL POPULATIONS CANNOT GROW WITHOUT CRITICAL SUPPORTIVE SOCIAL

INFRASTRUCTURE (SCHOOLS, COMMUNITY FACILITIES – HEALTH SERVICES ETC)

3. ASSIST WITH INTEGRATION OF NEW AND EXISTING COMMUNITIES

EXAMPLE OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE:

EDUCATION

HEALTH CARE

TRANSPORTATION
 EDUCATION FACILITIES

• PRE-PRIMARY TO SECONDARY EDUCATION

 EDUCATION FACILITIES
• HIGH EDUCATION
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES 

•THE SIZE OF A HOSPITAL DEPENDS UPON THE HOSPITAL BED REQUIREMENT, WHICH IN TUR
N IS A 
 
FUNCTION OF THE SIZE OF THE POPULATION IT SERVES.  AS PER THE INDIAN PUBLIC HEALTH 
STANDARDS (IPHS), 2012, THE CALCULATION OF NUMBER OF BEDS IS BASED ON‐ 
ƒ ANNUAL RATE OF ADMISSION AS 1 PER 50 POPULATION  ƒ
AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY IN A HOSPITAL AS 5 DAYS 
•FOR EXAMPLE: IN INDIA THE POPULATION SIZE OF A DISTRICT VARIES FROM 50,000 TO
 15,00,000.  FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONVENIENCE THE AVERAGE SIZE OF THE DISTRICT IS
TAKEN AS ONE MILLION 
POPULATION. BASED ON THE ASSUMPTIONS THE NUMBER OF BEDS REQUIRED FOR 10,00,00
0 
• POPULATION IS :  ƒ
 NO. OF BED DAYS PER YEAR        : (10,00,000 X 1/50) X 5  = 1,00,000  ƒ
NO. OF BEDS REQUIRED WITH 100% OCCUPANCY  : 1,00,000 / 365  = 275  ƒ
Source: UDPFI Guidelines, 1996, NBC, 2005 Part 3 and MPD, 2021
 SOCIO-CULTURAL

• THE PROVISION OF SOCIO CULTURAL FACILITIES SHALL CORRESPOND TO THE CHANGING

URBAN DEMOGRAPHY AND WORK LIFESTYLE.
DISTRIBUTION SERVICES
POLICE FACILITIES
SAFETY FACILITIES
 FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES

•  FIRE STATIONS SHOULD BE LOCATED SO THAT THE FIRE TENDERS ARE ABLE TO REACH ANY 
DISASTER SITE WITHIN 3‐5 MINUTES.
•  
FIRE STATIONS SHOULD BE LOCATED ON CORNER PLOTS AS FAR AS POSSIBLE AND ON MAIN
  ROADS WITH MINIMUM TWO ENTRIES.
•  
IN THE NEW LAYOUTS, CONCEPT OF UNDERGROUND PIPELINES FOR FIRE HYDRANTS ON TH
E  PERIPHERY EXCLUSIVELY FOR FIRE FIGHTING SERVICES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED.
• NECESSARY PROVISIONS FOR LAYING UNDERGROUND/ OVER GROUND FIRE FIGHTING MEA
SURES, 
WATER LINES, HYDRANTS ETC. MAY BE KEPT WHEREVER PROVISION OF FIRE STATION IS NO
T  POSSIBLE.
•   THE CONCERNED AGENCIES SHALL TAKE APPROVAL FROM FIRE DEPARTMENT FOR FIRE
FIGHTING MEASURE WHILE LAYING THE SERVICES FOR AN AREA.
SPORTS FACILITIES
• WHAT IS PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE?
• PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE REFERS TO THE BASIC PHYSICAL STRUCTURES REQUIRED
FOR AN ECONOMY TO FUNCTION AND SURVIVE, SUCH AS TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS,
A POWER GRID AND SEWERAGE AND WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS.

ROAD:
NEW NETWORK OF ROADS AND FLYOVERS CONNECTING WITH DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL
TERMINALS ROADS.
RAILWAY:
DELHI METRO RAILWAY SYSTEM CONNECTING THE NCR REGIONRAILWAYS.
AIRPORT:
DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT BEAUTIFICATION AND EXPANSIO
 WATER SUPPLY

WATER SUPPLY 
THE OBJECTIVE OF A PUBLIC PROTECTED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IS TO SUPPLY SAFE AND CLEAN
 
WATER IN ADEQUATE QUANTITY, CONVENIENTLY AND AS ECONOMICALLY AS POSSIBLE. RISING 
DEMAND OF WATER DUE TO RAPID URBANIZATION IS PUTTING ENORMOUS STRESS. WHILE 
PLANNING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR AN AREA, IT IS EVIDENT TO CONSIDER WATER 
CONSERVATION ASPECTS, WHICH MAY BE POSSIBLE THROUGH OPTIMAL USE OF AVAILABLE WA
TER  RESOURCES, PREVENTION AND CONTROL
WATER REQUIRMENTS FOR INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING
DRAINAGE:
• AS PER CPHEEO MANUAL ON SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM, SANITARY
• SEWERS ARE NOT EXPECTED TO RECEIVE STORM WATER. STRICT INSPECTION, VIGILANCE, PROPER
• DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SEWERS AND MANHOLES SHOULD ELIMINATE THIS FLOW OR BRING
• IT DOWN TO A VERY INSIGNIFICANT QUANTITY. THEREFORE, IT IS EVIDENT TO PLAN A SEPARATE
• SYSTEM TO CARRY STORM WATER.
 ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICITY 
BASED ON THE ESTIMATED REQUIREMENTS OF POWER SUPPLY AS PER THE NATIONAL ELECTRI
CITY 
POLICY PUBLISHED IN 2005, THE RECOMMENDED CONSUMPTION IS 1000 UNITS PER CAPITA 
PER YEAR OR 2.74 KWH PER CAPITA PER DAY DEMAND WHICH INCLUDED DOMESTIC, 
COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS.  

THE ACTUAL ESTIMATION OF POWER CAN BE MADE BASED ON THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMEN
T 
(TYPE AND EXTENT), COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT, DOMESTIC AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS. T
HE  PROVISION OF ONE ELECTRIC SUBSTATION OF 11KV FOR A POPULATION OF 15,000 CAN BE 
CONSIDERED AS GENERAL STANDARD FOR ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION. 
MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY HAS COME OUT WITH STRATEGIC PLAN FOR NE
W  AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR FOR THE PERIOD 2011‐17.

 MINISTRY HAS IDENTIFIED LOCAL 
BODIES AS ONE OF THE MAIN USERS WHO CAN BE ENCOURAGED TO UTILISE ENERGY FROM 
BIOMASS AND URBAN WASTE ETC. A NATIONAL RATING SYSTEM ‐ GRIHA HAS BEEN DEVELOPE
D, 
TO PROMOTE GREEN BUILDINGS, WHICH IS SUITABLE FOR ALL TYPES OF BUILDINGS IN DIFFERE
NT 
 DISPOSAL OF WASTE:
• WASTE AFTER TREATMENT MUST BE DISPOSED IN A MANNER THAT DOES NOT CREATE ANY
INSTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND PUBLIC NUISANCE.
• THE MSW RULE 2000 DEFINES WASTE DISPOSAL AS AN ACTIVITY, WHICH INVOLVES “FINAL DISPOSAL
OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES IN TERMS OF THE SPECIFIED MEASURES TO PREVENT
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND‐WATER, SURFACE WATER AND AMBIENT AIR QUALITY”.

THE LANDFILL DESIGN SHALL BE AIMED TO MINIMIZE THE

FOLLOWING:

• THE INGRESS OF WATER INTO THE LANDFILL,

• THE PRODUCTION OF LEACHATE, ITS SUBSEQUENT OUTFLOW AND UNCONTROLLED
DISPERSIONS INTO SURROUNDING AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
• THE ACCUMULATION, MIGRATION AND UNCONTROLLED RELEASE OF LANDFILL GAS INTO THE
ATMOSPHERE.