INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION

BY VINCENT MISALANG
CORRECTION
(PENITENTIARY SCIENCE)
- Branch of CJS
- Protection of the Society
- The custody, supervision and
rehabilitation of criminal offenders
- To right a wrong doing
- Vicomte Jean Jacques Philippe Villain
XIV (Father of Modern Penitentiary
Science)
PENOLOGY
(PENAL SCIENCE)
- Branch of Criminology
- Study of control and prevention of
crime through punishment of criminal
offenders
- Poena means PUNISHMENT OR
SUFFERING
- Poine means PENALTY OR PAIN
- Francis Lieber – He coined the word
Penology
- Alexander Maconochie – Father of
Modern Penology
FUNCTIONS PF CORRECTION

- Maintenenace of Institution
- Protection of law abiding citizen
- Rehabilitation and Reformation of offenders
- Deterrence of Crimes
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION NON INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS
(INSTITUTIONAL BASED CORRECTION) (COMMUNITY BASED PROGRAM)

- It is referring to any Institutions that - It take charge of correcting offender

responsible for the rehabilitation and through community based program
reformation of the offender whether
convicted, on appeal or those awaiting for
trial or decision of the Court or by any
Competent Authority thru Correctional
Facilities, Dormitories, Asylums,
Safekeepings or any other Institutions
authorized by Competent Authority
CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION PENAL MANAGEMENT

- The study and practice of a system or - The manner (method) or practice of

systematic management of Jails or Prisons managing or controlling places of
and other institution concerned with the confinement as Jails or Prisons
custody, treatment and rehabilitation of
criminal offenders
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE REINTEGRATION

- Using humanistic, non punitive - The process of re entry into the society
strategies to right wrongs and restore by persons that have been in prison or
social harmony incarcerated.
- View that emphasizes the promotion
of a peaceful, just society through
reconciliation and reintegration of the
offender into society
- Restore - Re entry
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PUNISHMENT
AND THEIR BASIS
CODE OF HAMMURABI CODE OF UR-NAMMU

- 754 Before Christ - 2100-2050 Before Christ

- Lex Taliones “ Law of Talion” - Older than code of Hammurabi
- Principle of Tit for Tat - Sumerian Language
- Punishment (Death or Mutilation) - Translated by Samuel Kramer
- First Codifier of Laws
- First comprehensive view of the laws
- The code was carved in stone
- 282 articles
- Museum of France “index finger” - Istanbul Archaeology Museums
- Bit Kili means INCARCERATION
CODE OF HITTITES CODE OF KALANTIAW

- About Two Circa (1650-1100) BCE after - 1433

Hammurabi - Importance of morality
- Importance of morality - Origin from Negros to the Panay
- Hattusa was the capital of the Hittite province of Aklan
Empire - Flogging, Boiling. Drowning to death
- The usual penalty for serious offense - 18 Articles
being enslavement to forced labor - Rajah Kalantiaw
- Death penalty for sexual crimes
- Eights groups of laws (200 articles)
- Catalogue des Textes Hittites (CTH)
CODE OF DRACO
- The ultimate severity
- Seventh Circa (7th BC )
- First recorded legislator of Athens in
Ancient Greece
- Axones means wooden tablet
- Draco introduced the lot chosen
Council of Four Hundred
- Homicide cases – punishment of kill by
relative of the victim
- Unintentional Homicide cases – exile
or banishment
- Statue of Draco – Supreme court of
America
CODE OF SOLON
- Repealed the Coder of Draco except in
the law of HOMICIDE
- 638-558 BC
- Appointed archon(ruler) and was given
legislative powers
- The wise law giver
- All of his law was applied to all equally
- Certainty of punishment
- Statue of Solon – Congress of America
THE TWELVE TABLES JUSTINIAN CODE

- 451-450 BC - Circa 482-14 November 565

- Lex Duodecim Tabularum ( Byzantine Emperor Justinian I)
- Incorporated (merged) into the - Corpuz Juris Civilis Justiniani
Justinian code finished in 529 - The last Roman
- Twelve Tables were the foundation of
all laws in Rome and written in tablets
of bronze
- Decemvirate – board of Ten Men
 TAKE NOTE!!!
BURGUNDIAN CODE “lex burgundionum” – the
specified punishment according to the social
class of offenders (KING GUNDOBAD)

WERGILD “Man Price”- a value placed on every being and piece

of property.(payment for the victim)
SALIC LAW “lex salica” Law of Succesion – a law excluding
females from dynastic succesion, especially as the alleged
fundamental law of the French Monarchy. (King Clovis)
SOME HISTORICAL FORM OF PRISON
 PANOPTICON PRISON

a building plan made by Jeremy Bentham, Tank like structure, covered by

glass roof “INSPECTION PRISON HOUSE”
 MAMERTIME PRISON

- 46 B.C.
- Roman place of confinement which is built under the main sewer of
ROME
 UNDERGROUND CISTERN
- Greek “box or basket” – a waterproof receptacle for holding liquids,
usually water; Prisoners will starve to death
 TAKE NOTE !!!
WALNUT STREET JAIL - First American Penitentiary
MICHIGAN – The first state who abolish death penalty
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS - The first Juvenile Court
ERGASTULUM – They will attach to bench & forced to do hard labor during
their imprisonment
MAINE STATE PRISON – it includes productive work of prisoner
 SING SING CORRECTIONAL FACILITY

- It is a maximum security prison operated by the New York State

Department of Corrections and Community Supervision in the village of
Ossining, in the U.S. state of New York. It is located about 30 miles (50 km)
north of New York City on the east bank of Hudson River.
AUBURN SYSTEM
- 1819
- Confinement of the prisoners in a
single cell at night and congregate
work in shops during the day
- Elam Lynds, the first warden of the
Auburn Penitentiary
- Arch. John D. Cray, Deputy Warden
- Auburn Correctional Facility
- CONGREGATE SYSTEM (NEW YORK
SYSTEM)
PENNSYLVANIA SYSTEM
- 1829
- Confinement of prisoners in their own
cells day and night
- Adopted by European Countries
- Most active members were quakers
- Solitary Confinement in cells 16 feet
high, nearly 12 feet long and 7.5 feet
wide
- SOLITARY SYSTEM (SEPARATE SYSTEM)
 TAKE NOTE !!!
BENEFITS OF CLERGY
Compromise with the Church which had maintained that a member of
the clergy brought to trial in a Kings Court might be claimed from that
jurisdiction by the bishop or chaplain representing him, on the ground that
he, the prisoner, was subject to the authority of the ecclesiastical courts only.
(King Henry)

SECURING SANCTUARY
A criminal can seek refuge in a church in order to avoid punishment in a
period of 40 days.
 BRIDEWELL PRISON AND HOSPITAL
“St. Bridget’s Well”
- it was established in a former Royal Palace in 1553 with two purposes:
- the punishment of the disorderly poor and
- housing of homeless children
- It is located in the City of London on the banks of the fleet River in the City,
it was both the first house of correction in the country and a major charitable
institution. (The early modern definition of a “hospital”)
 POPE CLEMENT (1703)
Hospice De San Michelle in Rome(Hospital of St. Michael)

- It is use for youthful offender

- The prisoner were classified according to their age and crime they had
committed
- This placed was designed for incorrigible youths under 20 years of age on
top of their doors an inscriptions is written which reads, “it is little
advantage to restrain the Bad by punishment unless render them good by
discipline”
- At night they pray and sleep on separate cells for repentance but at day
time work in a large central hall isolation, solitary work in the cells, bread
and water diet, floggings and the black hole were some of the
punishment,
- In 1735 Pope Clement XI established an institution for woman based on
the work of John Howard; that they who when, idle were injurious, when
instructed might be useful to the state
JOHN HOWARD 1733
- High Sheriff of Bedfordshire
- The Greatest Prison Reformer
- Typhus or Jail Fever
- As a young man he traveled to Europe hoping to help in the relief of
Lisbon after a disastrous earthquake of 1755
- He was captured by the French and was held prisoner for two
months in conditions of great barbarity. Lucky he was returned to England as
exchange prisoner.
- Having been influenced by Beccaria and through his own experience
he wrote a book entitled “The State of the Prisons in England and Wales”
 GALLEY SLAVERY
- A kind of human chattel, often a prisoner of war, assigned to his duty of
rowing
- Long, low, narrow single decked ships propelled by sails, usually rowed by
criminals
- A type of ship used for transportation of criminals in the 16th century