Altered body temperature

What do you mean by

altered body temperature
Introduction

 balance between production and heat loss


Physiology of body temperature

 Thermoregulatory center is hypothalamus

 Process
 Heat production
 Heat loss
Heat production

 Body metabolism
Heat loss
Age Temperature (C) Pulse (beats/min) Respirations Blood
(beats/min) pressure
(MM of Hg)
Newborn 36.8(Axillary) 80-108 30-80 73/55

1-2 yrs 37.7(Rectum) 80-140 20-40 90/55

6-8 yrs 37(Oral) 75-120 15-25 95/75

10 yrs 37(Oral) 75-110 15-25 102/62

Tenns 37(Oral) 60-110 15-20 102/80

Adult 37(Oral) 60-110 12-20 120/80

>70 yrs 36(Oral) 60-110 15-20 120/80

 Temperature (C) Symptoms

28 Muscle failure
30 Loss of body temp. control
33 Loss of consciousness
37 Normal
Central nervous system
42
breakdown
44 Death*
 Activity Energy Cost (Cal/m 2 hr)
sleeping 35
sitting 50
working at a desk 60
Standing 85
washing & dressing 100
walking (3 mph) 140
bicycling 250
swimming 350
running 600
 Variables that affect regulation of body
temperature
 Age

 Circadian rhythm

 Hormones.

 Environmental temperature
 Clothing

 exercise

 Position

 Drugs

 Illness
Abnormal temperature

 Hypothermia

 Heat Related illness

 Heat stork
 Heat exhaustion

 Fever
 Hypothermia
 Body temperature
below 35degree C

 Life threatening
below body
temperatures of 32.2
C (90 F)
Heat Related illness
 Heatstroke

 Heat exhaustion

 Heat cramps .

 Heat rash
Heatstroke
 Red, hot and dry
skin
 Rapid, strong
pulse
 Dizziness
 Nausea
 Confusion
 Unconscious
 Heat rash
 Excessive
sweating

 Occur neck,
and upper
chest, in the
groin
 Fever
 Elevation of
temperature above the
normal range of 36.5–
37.5 °C (98–100 °F)
due to an increase in
the body
temperature regulatory
 set-point
 Temperature Classification

Temperature
Hypothermia <35.0 °C (95.0 °F)

Normal 36.5–37.5 °C (98–100 °F)

Fever >37.5–38.3 °C (100–101 °F)

Hyperthermia >38.4–39.9 °C (101–104 °F)

Hyperpyrexia >40.0–41.5 °C (104–107 °F)

Types

 Intermittent fever
 Continuous fever

 Remittant fever
 Nursing process of patient with fever
 Assessment
 Obtain core temperature during each phase of
febrile episode.

 Assess for contributing factors such as

dehydration, infection, environmental
temperature.
 Identify physiological response to temperature:-
 Obtain all vital signs

 Observe skin colour

 Assess skin for shivering and diaphoresis
 Determine phase of fever:-
 Chill

 Fever

 Break
A complete nursing intervention of patient with fever
need to focus on 4 areas.
 Decrease Body Heat Production

 Promote Body Heat Lost

 Monitor and Maintain Body Functions

 Promote Comfort
Conclusion

 Body temperature depends on the balance

between production and heat loss. Body
temperature the temperature of the body, as
measured by a thermometer. In most normal
individuals body temperature is maintained at
about 37°C (98.4°F). A rise in body
temperature occurs in fever
Assignment

 Nursing care plan on fever patient

Bibliography
 Barbara W. Narrow, fundamental of nursing
practice, 2nd edition, Awiley medical publication
johns Wiley and sons, page no. 712- 722
 Carol taylor fundamental of nursing , Lippincott
Williams and wilkns, page no- 557- 56
 potter and Perry, fundamental of nursing 6th
edition mosby(an imprint of Elsevier), page no.
636
 Christensen kockrow, fundamental of nursing, 4th
edition, page no- 203 – 211
 http://hubpages.com/hub/Types-And-Stages-Of-Fever
 http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/body_temperature.aspx
 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/heatillness.html
 http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?
articlekey=10107
 http://kidshealth.org/parent/firstaid_safe/emergencies/heat.htm
l
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever
 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm
 http://firstaid.webmd.com/tc/heat-related-illnesses-topic-
overview
 http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/53288-Types-
fever-its-advantages.aspx