“USES OF ESTER”

SN2
SEMESTER 3

PREPARED BY :
1. ADILAH BT MD. SHAH
2. NUR ATIQAH BT SAMSIMON
3. NUR RASHIDAH BINTI JALALUDIN

UNIT : PPISMP (SN/BI/BM) INTAKE OF JULY 2008

LECTURER : PN. HJH. RUGAYAH BT TAMBI

 ESTE
R
Esterification is carried out by reacting the carboxylic acids with alcohols in
the presence of an acid catalyst, normally sulphuric acid (H2S04) or gaseous
hydrogen chloride (HCl) .
Acid-catalyzed esterification is a reversible reaction. However, the
esterification can be controlled to obtain esters in high yields. For example,
if the alcohol is cheaper compared with the carboxylic acid, a large excess of
the alcohol is used, to get a higher conversion of the acid to the ester.
It is also possible to remove water by distilling it out as it is formed to shift
the equilibrium to give a higher yield of the ester.
 USES OF
ESTER

In medicines,
used in production
of salicylic acid
acetate (aspirin).

Industrial solvents. Sweet –smeeling

Eg: methyl acetate, compunds.
butyl acetate, amyl Eg: benzyl acetate,
acetate benzyl benzoate

Artificial and natural

flavours. Eg: methyl
salicylate (also known
as “sarsaparilla” used
in root beer)
1. Sweet-smelling compunds.
 The aromatic ester, benzyl acetate, is used largely in jasmine
and gardenia fragrances, and benzyl benzoate, an ester with
practically no odor, is used as a base in many perfumes.
 Some aromatic esters, such as Bitrex, are very bitter tasting, but
are added to household products such as cleaning fluids, nail
polish removers, and detergents to keep children from wanting to
drink these poisonous substances.
2. As the artificial and natural flavours.
 The flavoring esters are a major constituent of essential oils
which are used in foods as a natural flavoring. (An essential oil
is a solution obtained from liquefying the vapors formed from
heating the organic matter of a flavorful plant.) The American
Indians used the dried leaves of a fern that commonly grows in
the eastern United States, especially in North Carolina and
Pennsylvania, to make wintergreen tea. When the essential oil
of this plant was analyzed by scientists, it was made up almost
entirely of the ester, methyl salicylate. This ester contains a
benzene ring or phenyl group in its molecular structure and will
produce methanol when heated with water.
 Methyl salicylate, or "sarsaparilla" flavor is also the major
ingredient in "birch beer" or root beer. It also gives that
wintergreen taste to toothpaste, chewing gum, and candy.
 Chocolate flavoring uses isoamyl phenylacetate, and
strawberry is a mix of ethylmethylphenylglycinate and methyl
cinnamate.
3. Used as industrial solvents.
 Esters having an acetic acid or vinegar base are called
acetates. They are used extensively as solvents, due to their
ability to dissolve various greases.
 Methyl acetate is a solvent for many oils and resins and is
important in the manufacture of artificial leather. In the
pharmaceutical and food processing industries, ethyl acetate is
used as an extraction solvent.
 Butyl acetate does not discolor readily and dries at a reasonable
rate; therefore it is an ideal solvent for inks. It is also used as a
cleaning liquid for silicon wafers. Butyl acetate is a good
solvent for the manufacture of lacquers, because it is a good
medium for less compatible ingredients.
 Amyl acetates are utilized as extracting liquids in the isolation of
penicillin and in the manufacture of polishes for leather goods.
3. Used in medication industry.
 Salicylic acid acetate, or aspirin, is only one of many esters
used as medicines. Phenyl salicylate, a similar aromatic ester,
is used in the treatment of rheumatic arthritis.
 Methyl phenidate, an ester which produces methanol when it is
heated with water, is used to stimulate the central
nervous system.
 The pharmaceutical industry has discovered that certain
undesirable properties of drugs, such as bad taste or swelling of
the skin at the spot of an injection, can be avoided by
converting the original drug into an ester.
 The antibiotic dalactine (clindamycin), a bitter tasting drug,
was converted to its palmitate ester in order to make its flavor
less harsh.
 The macrolides are large ring lactones or cyclic esters. Most of
these unusual esters are isolated from microorganisms that
grow in the soil and are being used as antibiotics in human
and veterinary medicine.
 THANK YOU
&
ALL THE BEST
FRIENDS!!