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Chapter 4 - Presentationeeeeee
Chapter 4 - Presentationeeeeee
INSTALLATION DESIGN
1
Out line
Design Procedures
Load Tabulation
Design Current
Service Entrance
Diversity Factor 2
Design Of Lighting Schemes
3
Illumination level:
5
Shadows:
6
Glare:
10
Maintenance Factor
15
16
Recommended Levels of illumination
17
18
19
20
Examples
21
Wiring Design Criteria
installation. 22
Cont…
Energy saving and control consideration:-
limiting voltage drops, power factor correction, use
(i) Lighting.
25
Cont…
D. Decide the point of service entrance:-
type of service run, service voltage, metering
location, and building utilization voltage.
E. Determine the location and estimate the
size of all required electric equipment spaces
including switchboard rooms, emergency
equipment spaces, and so forth
26
Cont…
F. Design the lighting for the facility
G. In your plan Locate all electrical
apparatus including receptacles, switches,
motors, and other power consuming
apparatus and signal apparatus such as
phone outlets, speakers, microphones, TV
outlets, fire and smoke detectors, and so on.
27
Cont…
29
Cont…
K. Prepare the riser diagram. This includes
design of distribution panels, switchboards,
a service equipment.
L. Compute feeder sizes and all protective
equipment ratings.
M. Cheek the preceding work.
30
Branch Circuit Design
31
Cont…
The final circuits can be:
Lighting circuits 10A,
General purpose socket outlets 16A,
Socket outlets for water heater 3kw 16A,
S.O for cooker 20/25A,
Power outlets for feeding motor 16A,
Bell circuits 6A etc.
32
Residential wiring system
Guidelines
a. The NEC requires to supply a load of
3w/sq ft in the building,
b. The NEC requires a minimum of two 20-amp
appliance branch circuits to feed all the small
appliance outlets in the kitchen, pantry, dining
room, family room etc.
33
Cont…
35
Cont…
Non-residential wiring
Guidelines
(a) Schools:-
Lecture Hall
Laboratory
Shop
Assembly
Office
Gymnasium
Swimming Pools
Photographic Labs
36
Cont…
38
Cont…
iii) Provide appropriate outlets for all special equipment
40
(c)Stores.
In stores, good practice requires at least one
convenience outlet receptacle for every 300
sq ft in addition to outlets required for loads
such as lamps, show windows, and
demonstration appliances
41
Load Tabulation
Arranging facts or figures of loads.
While circuiting the loads, a panel schedule is drawn up
which lists:
The circuit numbers
Load description (the type of the load)
Wattage (actually in volt-amperes)
The current ratings
Number of poles of the circuit-protective device
Spare circuits are included normally no less than 20% of the
number of active circuits.
42
Cont…
In calculating panel loads,
43
Schedule for lighting panel
44
Example
Solution
Total wattage=51*40=2040W
46
Cont…
Receptacles:
we simply take into account the furniture, electronic
equipments that located in that room and the functions of
rooms.
Let’s take total number of receptacles =6(mostly 6 receptacles
supplying from one branch ckt ) So, one branch ckt for socket
is required.
Total wattage of receptacles=6*200=1200W
(Assume each socket outlet point has wattage of
200 W.) 47
Cont…
The total no of circuits for lighting plus receptacles
is 2 + 1 = 3 ckts
Total of 4 ckts.
48
Riser Diagrams
When all devices are circuited and panels are located and
scheduled, we are ready to prepare a riser diagram.
51
Cable Size Design procedure
The correct choice of cable size for any installation is
dependent upon
Environmental conditions and characteristics of
protection, PVC, weather proof, VIR
Current-carrying capacity of the cable and
Voltage drops of the cable.
52
Steps for selection of cable size
1. Determine the design current Ib.
capacity (Iz)
54
If an item of equipment has a pF and ɳ , it will
55
Nominal setting of protection:
having determined Ib , we must now select the nominal setting of protection
In, such that In>Ib. This value may be taken from IEE regulations.
Correction factors
When a cable carries its full load current, it becomes hot. This is not a problem
unless its temperature rises further due to other influences in which case
insulation could be damaged .
57
Grouping Cg
When cables are grouped together they impart
heat to each other.
Therefore the more cables there are, the more
heat they will generate, thus increasing the
temperature of each cable.
IEEE regulation also gives factors for such
groupings of the same cable sizes.
58
Protections by BS 3036 fuse (Cf)
Because of the high fusing factor of BS 3036
fuses, the rating of the fuse in, should be less
than or equal to 0.725Iz.
Hence 0.725 is the correction factor to be used
when BS 3036 fuses are used.
59
Thermal Insulation Ci
IEE Regulation gives these factors for situations
when thermal insulation touches one side of a
cable.
However, if a cable is totally surrounded by
thermal insulation for more than 0.5 m, a factor of
0.5 must be applied to the tabulated clipped direct
ratings.
For less than 0.5 m, de-rating factors should be
applied 60
For each of the above factors , there is a correction
factor (CF) which derates cable current capacity or
conversely increases cable size.
In
Iz
cg c a ci
61
Choice of cable size
Having established Iz of the cable to be used, it now remains
to choose a cable to suit that value.
62
Voltage drop
Vd = (mV/Am)* I b* L
Where,
Vd = voltage drop obtained from IEE table
mV = voltage drop in mV
Am = amper meter
I b = design current
L = total length of the cable 64
SERVICE ENTRANCE
66
Diversity Factor
The diversity factor has an important place in the design
of an installation and its final costing.
Diversity factor is a factor which is applied to sub main
and main cables and their associated switch gears to
reduce:
Required
Then, In = 32 Amp
The correction factor for ambient temperature from Table A.4 for
250C is 1.04.
Therefore the required cable capacity rating:
Iz = In/Ca = 32/ 1.04 = 30.77 A
73
If BS 3036 fuse is chosen for protection, this fuse type requires a
correction factor of 0.725.
From table B.2 voltage drop for 10mm2 conductor size = 4.4mv/Am
Voltage drop on cable = 4.4 mv/Am * 28.8 A * 10 m= 1.27 V
Maximum allowable voltage drop = 2.5% of 240 V = 6V. Since the actual
voltage drop is less than from the allowable maximum voltage drop,
selected size is 10mm2.
74
output kw
eff .
input 3 VI cos
b) 18.65kw
I 48.77 A
3 400 0.8 0.69
50 A circuit-breaker of type BS 3871 can use for protection.
then, In = 50 Amp
Load current will be :
→ Iz = In/CF : =Ca = 1( from Table A.4)
Then,
→ Iz = 50 A
Choose 16 mm2cable which is capable of carrying 52 A
75
Testing for Voltage drop:
Maximum voltage drop=2.5% of 400V= 2.5*400/100=10V.
Voltage drop on the cable = (mV/Am) * Ib * L
So,
choose the next cable size, which is 25mm2.
→ In = 50 A
→ Load current Iz = In / CF = In / Cf
→ Iz = 50 A / 0.725 = 68.966 A
79