Lecture 11

SDG 4-7

Sustainable Education, Gender, Water and

Sanitation, and Renewable Energy

Dr Samiya A Selim
SDG 4 – Quality Education
TARGET 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free,
equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to
relevant and effective learning outcomes

INDICATOR
4.1.1 Proportion of children and young people: (a) in grades 2/3; (b)
at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary
achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii)
mathematics, by sex

TARGET 4.4 By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and

adults who have relevant skills, including technical and
vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and
entrepreneurship

INDICATOR 4.4.1 Proportion of youth and adults with information

and communications technology (ICT) skills, by type of skill

Helpful site for data: https://sdg-tracker.org/quality-education#targets

1. free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education

• What does equitable mean?

Cambridge Dictionary defines equity as ‘the situation in which

everyone is treated fairly and equally’. The implication is that
equity depends on equality of treatment.

• Fairness, Equality..

• When is unequal treatment ‘fair’?

• Addressing unequal learning needs 
• Addressing unequal student backgrounds

2. relevant and effective learning outcomes

In Bangladesh – What is status of free primary and secondary for

all? Is it equal across the country? What are some of the barriers?
Vocational and Technical Training

Vocational training, also known as Vocational Education and

Training (VET) and Career and Technical Education (CTE),
provides job-specific technical training for work in the trades.

These programs generally focus on providing young people

with hands-on instruction, and can lead to certification, a
diploma or certificate.

Students may prepare for jobs such as:

Auto repair
Plumbing
Retail

In Bangladesh, what are the major vocational training

options?
Who takes these training?
Who provides the training?
Push for informal market to become part of vocational and
technical training..
SDG 6 - Ensure availability and sustainable management of
water and sanitation for all

TARGET 6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to

safe and affordable drinking water for all

INDICATOR 6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed

drinking water services

TARGET 6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing

pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous
chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated
wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse
globally

6.3.1 Proportion of wastewater safely treated

6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water

quality
Globally -

Around 1.8 billion people globally use a source of drinking

water that is fecally contaminated.

Some 2.4 billion people lack access to basic sanitation services,

such as toilets or latrines.

Water scarcity affects more than 40 per cent of the global

population and is projected to rise.

More than 80 per cent of wastewater resulting from human

activities is discharged into rivers or sea without any
treatment, leading to pollution.

What are the stats in Bangladesh?

Too many people still lack access to safely managed water supplies and
sanitation facilities.

What health problems does this lead to?

Water scarcity, flooding and lack of proper wastewater management also hinder
social and economic development.

How does this do so?

Increasing water efficiency and improving water management are critical to

balancing the competing and growing water demands from various sectors and
users.

What are ways to ensure water management with the rising demand of water
from different sectors?

Efficiency in industry will lead to reduction in water use

Innovation on how to reuse and recycle water through rainwater harvesting,

using greywater for flushing toilets

Conservation of water through behavioral change

Per capita consumption of water must be addressed through conservation
measures in all three major sectors of water use: urban, agricultural, and
industrial. 
SDG 7 - Ensure access to affordable,
reliable, sustainable and modern energy for
all

TARGET 7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable,

reliable and modern energy services

INDICATORS
7.1.1 Proportion of population with access to electricity

7.1.2 Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels

and technology

TARGET 7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of

renewable energy in the global energy mix

INDICATOR 7.2.1 Renewable energy share in the total final

energy consumption
Solar This form of energy relies on the nuclear fusion power from
the core of the Sun. This energy can be collected and converted in
a few different ways.

Wind Power Wind energy can be used to pump water or generate

electricity, but requires extensive areal coverage to produce
significant amounts of energy.

Hydroelectric energy. This form uses the gravitational potential

of elevated water that was lifted from the oceans by sunlight It is
not strictly speaking renewable since all reservoirs eventually fill
up and require very expensive excavation to become useful again.
At this time, most of the available locations for hydroelectric dams
are already used in the developed world.
Biomass is the term for energy from plants. Energy in this form
is very commonly used throughout the world. Some of the more
modern forms of biomass energy are methane generation and
production of alcohol for automobile fuel and fueling electric
power plants.

Hydrogen and fuel cells These are also not strictly renewable
energy resources but are very abundant in availability and are
very low in pollution when utilized. Hydrogen can be burned as a
fuel, typically in a vehicle, with only water as the combustion
product. This clean burning fuel can mean a significant reduction
of pollution in cities.

Or the hydrogen can be used in fuel cells, which are similar to

batteries, to power an electric motor. In either case significant
production of hydrogen requires abundant power.
Additional helpful links for reading on SDGs and other related info
for Bangladesh:

https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/economics/can-we-get-ther
e-2030-1447270

https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/perspective/education-goal
-2030-what-will-it-take-reach-it-1557550

http://www.sdg.gov.bd/

https://
sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/bangladesh

https://
thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/sdg-8-full-and-productive-empl
oyment-decent-work-for-all-1513174765

https://www.statista.com/statistics/811657/youth-unemploymen
t-rate-in-bangladesh
/