LESSON 5: PHILIPPINE

REGIONAL LITERATURE -
BICOL AND PAMPANGO
PHILIPPINE REGIONAL LITERATURE
“The literary traditions, written or oral, of the various
ethno-linguistic groups in the country, communities
that, despite much internal migration, can still be said
to have distinct geographical settings or identities.”
- Resil B. Mojares
BICOL LITERATURE
Maria Lilia F. Reabulit’s Handiong - the first
important work in Bicol that how civilization
before the Spanish Conquest.
The only one that thrives in the region is the
dramas due to its richness in depicting their
history, important people, and social condition.
BICOL LITERATURE
Mariano Perfecto - playwright that writes more on
miming and punning as a double-edge statement
to the Spaniards.
Sabas Armenta - a social and political critique that
uses comedia and ineffectual character like a tragic
hero.
BICOL LITERATURE
Justiniano Nudya - wrote Anti Cristo
Asisclo Jimenez - mimicry and comic version of
life.
Bicol Poetry - clarity and grace of expression
evident in song and dance.
BICOL LITERATURE
Manuel Fuentebella - lyricism and sensitivity
Angelo de Castro - perceptivity and fatalism
Valerio Ziñuga - projects human feelings clearly
Mariano Goyena del Prado - poetic awareness
and dramatic choice of words
Bicol Literature ventures on this idea of why some
of their works didn’t flourished:
1. No literary outlet
2. General attitude of the people
3. Oral
PAMPANGO LITERATURE
According to the researchers of Edna Zapanta-
Manlapaz here are some of her findings:
Padre Anselmo Jorge de Fajaro - known for his
famous comedia or moro-moro: Don Gonzalvo de
Corboda - Father of Pampango Literature
PAMPANGO LITERATURE
Mariano Proceso Pabalan Byron’s zarzuela: Ing
Managne that depicts Filipino family.
Juan Crisostomo “Crisot” Soto was known in the
theater due to his famous works:
Sigalut (Trouble)
Balayan at Sinta (Country and Love)
PAMPANGO LITERATURE
Julio Agosto (July, August)
Perla, Zafiro, Rubi (Pearl, Sapphire, and Ruby)
Ing Anak Ning Katipunan (The child of
Katipunan)
Alang Diyos! (There is no God!)
PAMPANGO LITERATURE
Pampango Poetry is frequently written in meters of
6, 8, 12 and 16 syllables.
The most popular form is 16 syllables in octaves,
with rhymes involving only at the end.
Pre-war poets: Crisot and Sergio Navarro
PAMPANGO LITERATURE
Post-war poets: Amado Yuzon - “King of
Crisotan” (Pampangan Balagtasan)
Awit and kurirus are translation of Tagalog
corridos.
PAMPANGO LITERATURE
Other titles are:
1. Kasulatang Gintu (Golden Inscription, 1914) by
Aurelio Tolentino
2. Napun, Ngeni, at Bukas (Yesterday, Today, and
Tomorrow) by Aurelio Tolentino
PAMPANGO LITERATURE
3. Ing Cabiguan (Misfortune, 1915) By Felix
Galaura
4. Musa’t Poeta (The Muse and the Poet) by Isaac
Gomez
5. Kitang Milabas (In the Past, 1935) by Monico
Mercado
PAMPANGO LITERATURE
Pampango Literature ventures on this ideas of why
some of their works didn’t flourished:
1. Most people are bilingual
2. Geography
3. Little interest in their own language
ILOKANO LITERATURE
Marcelino A. Foronda Jr. gives a substantial
account in his paper, “Dallang: Ilokano
Literature”:
- Highly developed that it become second to
Tagalog in having the greatest number of printed
works
ILOKANO LITERATURE
Marcelino A. Foronda Jr. gives a substantial
account in his paper, “Dallang: Ilokano
Literature”:
- Early Ilocano writings were not documented,
except for Lam-ang
ILOKANO LITERATURE
Marcelino A. Foronda Jr. gives a substantial
account in his paper, “Dallang: Ilokano
Literature”:
- Even though Lam-ang and Namongan are pre-
Hispanic, the mention of Christian baptism and
marriage show strong evidence of Hispanization.
ILOKANO LITERATURE
Earliest printed literature were novenas, prayer
books, and other religious readings.
Iloko translation of Cardnal Bellarmine’s
catechism by Fray Francisco Lopez - first book
printed in Iloko.
ILOKANO LITERATURE
Pedro Bukaneg - Father of Iloko literature
18th Century - pasion and panagbiag (awit)
19th Century - Leona Florentino is considered by
some as the national poetess of the Philippines.
ILOKANO LITERATURE
Isabelo de los Reyes, son of Leona Florentino,
wrote poems, stories, folklore studies, religious and
political articles.
It was also during this time that the comedia (moro-
moro and zarzuela) were first presented.
ILOKANO LITERATURE
20th century:
- Predominant theme: freedom
- Other times: conflict between the young and old
generations, Ilocano’s adventurous spirit and
historical interest
ILOKANO LITERATURE
1. Uray Narigat no Paguimbagan (Improvement
Despite Obstacles, 1911) by Facundo Madriaga
2. Nasamitken Narucbos nga Sabong daguiti
Dardarepdep it Agbaniaga (Sweet and Fresh Flower
of a Traveller’s Dreams, 1921) by Marcos E. Milton
ILOKANO LITERATURE
3. Mining Wenno Ayat it Cararua (Mining or
Spiritual Love, 1914) by Marcelino Peña Crislogo
ILOKANO LITERATURE
Bannawag (1934) - the popular weekly magazine. It
is also known as the bible of northern Philippines.
1. Arsenio T. Ramel’s Maingel it Kambambantayan
(The Hero of the Wilderness)
2. Constante C. Casabar’s Puris it Barukong (Thorn
in the breast)
ILOKANO LITERATURE
3. Casabar’s Dagiti Mariing Parabangan (Who are
Awakened at Dawn)
4. Marcelino Foronda, Jr’s Ta Dida Ammo it
Aramidda (For They Know Not What They Do);
Nasudi nga Agnanayon (Forever Pure); and Ramut
iti Gangannaet (Roots in Foreign Soil)
ILOKANO LITERATURE
Short Story: poor imitation of American fiction,
but later developed into less verbose, more tight
and with more credible characterization
Themes: war, guerilla activities, Japanese
atrocities, murder, pillage, and death; other exalted
farm and country life.
ILOKANO LITERATURE
Drama: static; only zarzuela and comedia persisted
 ILOKANO LITERATURE
Stages of Ilocano Poetry:
Themes: love of country and freedom, beauty of nature and of
woman faith and the virtues of the Ilocanos
➤ Traditionalist - fixed notions of poetry and resist change

➤ Avant-grade - knowledgeable about poetry in other parts of

the world.
➤ New school - those who are in between
ILOKANO LITERATURE
Ilocano Poetry:
Bukanegan (19th Century) - debate in verse that is named
after Pedro Bukaneg
Coronation Poetry (20th Century) - delivered in honor of
the fiesta queen
Leon C. Pichay - King of Ilocano poets
Bannawag - is the only outlet open to Ilocano writers
HILIGAYNON LITERATURE
Hiligaynon is the dialect spoken mostly in Western
Visayas.
Hinilawod - an epic that shows differentiation, feudal
economic structue, and monarchial rule in Panay Island.
Maragtas - the interaction between the Negritos and
Malays
 HILIGAYNON LITERATURE
6 Common Literary forms:
1. Ambahan - a ballad or unrhymed couplets
2. Ballad - a love song
3. Siday - a song of allusion to mythical heroes
4. Awit - a simple folk song, love song and work song
 HILIGAYNON LITERATURE
6 Common Literary forms:
5. Haya - a dirge composed of two parts: parahaya, a
song for wakes and the anogon, a song regretting the loss
of a loved one and extolling him
6. Bical - a humorous and satiric song
HILIGAYNON LITERATURE
Hiligaynon poetry - reflecting Fiilipino moralistic
behavior
Hiligaynon and Yuhum - two local magazines that
contributed in the growth of their novel and short story.
SUGBUANON LITERATURE
Sugbuanon - dialect that is used in central Visayas,
eastern Visayas, eastern Mindanao, and the greater part
of northern and central Mindanao
Their literature is characterized as abundant and
varied.
SUGBUANON LITERATURE
Oral forms: folk tales, sayings, songs, riddles oration, and
theatricals
Written forms: poems, short stories, novels, and plays
Vicente Sotto - Father of Visayan writing
Sotto’s Ang Suga (The Lamp, 1926) - where poetry in
vernicular first appeared.
Sotto’s Mameng - the first published short story in Sugbuanon
SUGBUANON LITERATURE
Poet - dramatist Saturio Villarino characterizes
Sugbuanon poetry as adaptations from Spanish and
English poetry in metrical and rhyming schemes.
 SUGBUANON LITERATURE
7 Types of Folk theatricals:
1. Balitaw - a comic representation of the love chase in a
verse dialogue of courtship that develops into a wit combat
performed in song and dance.
 SUGBUANON LITERATURE
7 Types of Folk theatricals:
2. Drama - Balitaw - developed from the balitaw, in
which a story line with spoken dialogue is wove around at
least balitaw sequences.
3 Duplo - a debate in verse with two or more characters.
 SUGBUANON LITERATURE
7 Types of Folk theatricals:
4. Balagtasan sa Balitaw - an incorporation of duplo
and balitaw where the courtship plot becomes a mere
framework for an argument on a non-romantic subject.
 SUGBUANON LITERATURE
7 Types of Folk theatricals:
5. Kolilisi - a strictly private type of drama performed by
friends and neighbors to divert a bereaved family from
their sorrow. The actors play a king and his courtiers who
address one another in verse and put a roundel game of
verse recitations.
 SUGBUANON LITERATURE
7 Types of Folk theatricals:
6. Bagamundo - a related type of folk play where
vagabond stranger arrives at the gate of the kolilisi
kingdom a ventures to argue with the king and his court
into admitting and introducing him to the ladies.
 SUGBUANON LITERATURE
7 Types of Folk theatricals:
7. Pamalaye - an old ritual of formalizing an engagement
to marry.
1. Poetry from ______ possess "clarity and grace of
expression."
Answer: Bicol
2. The title of Mariano Proceso Pabalan Byron's
famous zarzuela that depicts a Filipino family.
Answer: Ing Managne
3. The writer of Anti Cristo.
Answer: Justiniano Nudya
4. Who is known as the King of Crisotan?
Answer: Amado Yuzon
5. Pampango poetry has a total of _______ syllables
in octaves with rhymes at the end.
Answer: 16
6. A social and political critique that uses comedia
and ineffectual character.
Answer: Sabas Armenta
7. The Father of Pampango Literature.
Answer: Padre Anselmo Jorge de Fajardo
8. The playwright from Bicol who writes puns and
mimes as double-edge statements for Spaniards.
Answer: Mariano Perfecto
9. An author from Bicol whose works are known for
perceptivity and fatalism.
Answer: Angelo de Castro
10. One of the famous publishing houses from Bicol.
Answer: Bicolanon
11. True or False: Bicol Literature did not flourish
because of the attitude of people towards it.
Answer: True
12. The common name of Awit and Corridos.
Answer: Kuriru
13. The author of the Pampango murder mystery
novel, "Ing Buac ning Ester" (A Strand of Ester's
Hair)
Answer: Aurelio Tolentino
14. Which of the following is not a reason why
Pampango Literature did not flourish?
Answer: no literary outlet
15. thrive in the region because they depict history,
important people and social condition.
Answer: Dramas