FERTILITY

and Its
Biological & Sociological
Components
Objectiv
es:
1. What is Fertility?
2. What are the effects of fertility to
population?
3. What are the biological and
sociological components of fertility?
Fertility
Human fertility is responsible for the
biological replacement and
maintenance of the human species,
since every society replenishes itself
and grows through the process of
fertility.
Fertility
It is the average number of children born

Rate
to women during their reproductive years.
For the population in a given area to
remain stable, an overall total fertility rate
of 2.1 is needed, assuming no immigration
or emigration occurs.
Birth
Rate
are defined as the number of live
births per 1,000 women in the total
population—from fertility rates
Total Fertility
If, on average, women give birth to 2.1 children and

Rate
these children survive to the age of 15, any given
woman will have replaced herself and her partner
upon death. A TFR of 2.1 is known as the
replacement rate. Generally speaking, when the TFR
is greater than 2.1, the population in a given area
will increase, and when it is less than 2.1, the
population in a given area will eventually decrease
Total Fertility
Rate
Although fertility rates remain well above the
replacement rate in many parts of the world,
the global TFR has declined significantly since
1970. At that time, the world’s TFR was
roughly 4.5, but by 2015 it had dipped to 2.5.
Total Fertility
In the 21st century, developed countries generally

Rate
had lower fertility rates than developing countries,
as the former tended to have lower childhood
mortality rates and greater access to birth control.
Higher fertility rates in developing countries
reflected the need for children to engage in farming
and other economic pursuits as well as the lack of
contraceptive access.
Fertility Rate in the
World
 The current fertility rate for World in 2021
is 2.438 births per woman, a 0.41%
decline from 2020.
The fertility rate for World in 2020
was 2.448 births per woman, a 0.41%
decline from 2019.
Fertility Rate in the
Philippines
 The current fertility rate for Philippines in
2021 is 2.504 births per woman, a 1.03%
decline from 2020.
The fertility rate for Philippines in 2020
was 2.530 births per woman, a 0.98%
decline from 2019.
Birth Rate in the
Philippines
 The current fertility rate for Philippines in
2021 is 2.504 births per woman, a 1.03%
decline from 2020.
The fertility rate for Philippines in 2020
was 2.530 births per woman, a 0.98%
decline from 2019.
Birth Rate in the
In the data gathered and presented by the PSA
Philippines
in the year 2019 there were 1,673,923 live
births registered which is equivalent to a crude
birth rate (CBR) of 15.6 or 16 births per
thousand population. On the average, about
4,586 babies were born daily. This is
equivalent to about 191 babies born per hour or
approximately three (3) babies born per
minute.
Birth Rate in the
Philippines
Biological Components
Affecting Fertility
AGE
SEX
Sociological Components
RELIGION
Affecting Fertility
CASTE SYSTEM
CUSTOMS
FAMILY SYSTEM
EDUCATION
STATUS OF WOMEN
 Conclusion
When fertility rate reduces (the average number of
children born per women in different countries of
the world) this will inevitably lead to a stabilization
in the total world population. If the average fertility
rate is about two, and the proportion of women in
the population is about a half (that is, 0.5), then the
population will settle down to a relatively constant
value, eventually
Thank You! 