ARCHTECTURAL BUILDING SERVICES SEM 9

Building Category:

THEATRES/ CINEMA HALLS

CASE STUDY 01

TOPIC :
OBERON MALL,KERALA: Services working through cinema hall.

SHRADDHA DESHMUKH – 17023

PRACHI PARAB – 17073
SANIKA PARANDWAL – 17074
SURBHI PATIL – 17079
DALJEET THETHI -17112
INTRODUCTION:

• Project Name: Oberon Mall. • Oberon mall, the unique lifestyle

Centre is conceptualized, developed
• Architect: A. K. Prasanth and promoted by the Oberon group
of companies.
• Built up area: 33,000 meter square
• It is the first Shopping Mall in Kerala
• Address: Oberon mall, 4 floor,
th
with Cinema Hall.
national highway 47, Ernakulam,
Kochi, Kerala.
TYPICAL FLOOR PLANS OF THE MALL:
AREA OF STUDY

BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN GROUND FLOOR PLAN FOURTH FLOOR PLAN

AUDITORIUM PLANS:

• 4 auditoriums are placed in a group

with a common projector room.

• 2 passages are provided on both the AUDI 1 AUDI 2

outer side for exit route.

FEATURES OF THE BOX TYPE THEATRE:

• No of screens = 4

• The 4 screens have different layout

of seating arrangements.

• All four screen are having silver

screen.

• 7.1.2 Dolby Atmos Speakers. AUDI 3 AUDI 4

• 2k projector.

• Led lighting. THEATRE LEVEL PLAN ENTRY

PROJECTOR LEVEL PLAN
EXIT
AUDITORIUM STAIRCASE AND AISLE:

• Minimum staircase width is 2.00m.

• Clear aisles not less than 1.2 m in width shall be formed at right
angles to the line of seating in such number and manner that
no seat shall be more than seven seats away from an aisle.

• The proscenium wall of every theatre using movable scenery of

decorations shall have, exclusive of the proscenium opening,
not more than two openings entering the stage, each not to
exceed 2 m2 and fitted with self-closing fire resistant doors.

• The minimum width of tread without nosing shall be 300mm.

• Cross-aisles except where the backs of seats on the front of the

aisle project 600 mm or more above the floor of the aisle shall
be provided with railings not less than 900 mm high.
SECTION:

• Image shows the Section through Auditoriums placed oppositely with common sharing wall. A’

• Steps with front profile shows the exit route stairs.

• Steps with side profile shows the entrance stairs.

• Space remaining on the floor area after laying the seating arrangement in stepped manner is
dedicated for the entrance foyer for each screen.

• Cantilever projector room in provided above common sharing wall.

A

SECTION AA’
SEATING ARRANGEMENT AND FIRE RESISTANCE:

• Doorway or opening in a fire • G, H - N o r m a l seats

resistant wall on any floor shall • D, E, F - Executi ve seats
be limited to 5.6sq.m in area • B, C - Silver seats
• A - Golden seats/
with a maximum height/width of Push back seats
2.75m.

• Every wall opening shall be

protected with fire-resisting SCREEN 3
SCREEN 1 SCREEN 2 SCREEN 4
doors, having the firefighting of No of seats :158 No of seats :117 No of seats :182
No of seats :177
not less than 120min. Executive seats :104 Executive seats :81 Gold seats:14
Executive seats :141
Silver seats :54 Silver seats :36 Executive seats :115
Silver seats :36
Silver seats :53
ACOUSTIC SYSTEM
ACOUSTIC PANELS :
• Acoustic panels are used to reduce noise and control

• Sound absorbing wall panels are fabric-wrapped, made from a Class

A fire rated acoustic foam, or covered in perforated metal.

• Polyester, polypropylene, cotton

and fiberglass wall and ceiling
mountable panels are also used.

WALL CARPET :

• Wall carpet is acoustically absorbent.

• Controls sound reverberation.

WALL CARPET
ACOUSTIC SYSTEM
FLOORING :

• Designed to insulate impact noise, preventing its

transmission from your flooring into the rooms below. WOOD FINISH

• Absorb sound - ideal for multi-screen cinemas and multi-

3MM OUTER
function spaces. PORES

• Wood - technologically advanced sound blocker.

• It efficiently reduce footfall impact noise, it also has a

membrane that resists moisture, mold and mildew.

SEATING MATERIAL :

• Back moulded polyurethane seats.

• Customized uphoistered , plywood or perforated

polypropylene and glass fibre moulded back which is
good for acoustics.
SILVER SCREEN

• A silver screen also known as a silver ventricular screen

• A type of projection screen having highly reflective surface.

• Made from a tightly woven fabric mainly silk or synthetic fibre.

• Provide narrower/horizontal/vertical viewing angles.

• Compare to their more modern counterparts because their inability

to completely disperse light.

• Used in 3-D projection.

LIGHTING SYSTEM

WALL LIGHTS :
• Energy efficient LEDs that allow for low maintenance installations.

• Easy and fast installations.

• Provides a safe environment in low light-level venue that require aisle,

path, step, or guide lighting for patrons.

• Low Voltage 12V.

• Replaceable Individual LEDs.

• LED Life up to 100,000 Hours.

• wall lights provide a decorative illumination to the interior. WALL LIGHTS

LIGHTING SYSTEM

THEATRE LIGHTS :

• Have perfect make, high luminance and long service life.

• These Theatre Lights have Aluminium channel and are coated with
black powder.

STEP LIGHTS :
• Lighting a stairway improves safety and adds an inviting THEATRE LIGHTS
glow to your space.

• These Cinema Hall Step Lights are enclosed in sturdy

transparent materials to provide life long illumination.

• Ground Lights - for indoor applications.

LIGHTING FIXTURES GROUND LIGHTS STEP LIGHTS

PROJECTOR ROOM:

• THE PROJECTOR ROOM IS IN THE FLOOR JUST ABOVE THE SCREEN ROOM,
WHICH IS ABOUT AT A HEIGHT OF 3.5 M.

• THE ACCESS TO THE ROOM IS FROM THE TERRACE.

• THE DIMENSION IS ABOUT 19X4 M sq.

• MAINTAINS A TEMPERATURE OF 20 degree Celsius.

• TO MAINTAINTHE TEMPERATURE THERMOCOL CEILING IS USED.

PROJECTOR ROOM FLOOR PLAN
• THE MAIN ACTIVITY SPACES FOR A PROJECTOR ROOM:-

PLAN
PROJECTOR ROOM:

• The exhaust pipes have connection towards the AHU, outside the projector room.

• The pipes are silver coated for ductility and durability.

• The opening for the projector covered with glass is of 100 cm.

• Port holes are also given so as to check the sound quality or to give instructions to the people inside the screen room.

• It controls all the lighting facilities.

• The glass in front of the projector must be tilted in order to reduce the reflection of film rays.
EXIT ROUTES:
• All the exits and exit passageways shall have a clear ceiling height
of atleast 2.4m.

• In no case shall there be less than two independent exits.

• The dead end corridor length in exit access shall not exceed 6m for
assembly occupancies.

• Doorways shall be not less than 2000mm in height.

• They are given at the same wall as that of the

screen.

• The doors of two screen rooms open to a single

corridor which is the same in the other side.

• The corridor width is about 2.5 m.

• The fire escape exit is the same one.

• The exit directly to connects to the mall floor level.

• There is no direct connection to the parking area.

• No provision for wheelchair visitors.

ARCHTECTURAL BUILDING SERVICES SEM 9

Building Category:

THEATRES/ CINEMA HALLS

CASE STUDY 02

TOPIC :
KRANTIVEER VASUDEV BALVANT PHADKE
NATYAMANDIR, PANVEL : Services working
through theatre.
INTRODUCTION:

A state-of-the art natyamandir with a seating capacity of 700 in a two-storey building, located centrally in old Panvel, is
set to regale the citizens with dance, drama and musical festivals.

LOCATION: Near Shivaji Rd Doctor Babasaheb Ambedkar Road, Panvel,

Maharashtra 410206
ACCESS:
• At 1.2 km distance from station
• 0.8km from Panvel depot.
 Ticket counter
• Counters and reception desks should be clearly
identified and easily recognizable from a building
entrance.
• Information centre shall be on the entrance floor of the
building having direct external access.

AS PER NBC

• Minimum staircase width 2m

• The minimum width of thread without nosing shall be
300 mm
• All exits and exit passageways shall have clear celling
height of at least 2.4m.
• Door width shall be not less than 2000mm.
• Doorway shall be not less than 2000 mm in height.
• Each revolving door shall be provided with a hinged
door in the same wall within 3 m thereof, with same
exiting capacity.
• The site situated in market area .
• Site has 2 side road With parking on front road of site
• And 80 vehicle parking for car and 100 for 2 wheeler in front
• Structure has parking for about 80 to 90 vehicles at basement.
 FIRST FLOOR PLAN

WAITING AREA
SERVICE AREA

GREEN ROOM

TOILETS:
STAG FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED
E • Shall be located as close as possible to the
A. entrance/reception/waiting area of the building.
TOILETS • The clean manoeuvring space at floor level in front of the
water- closet and the washbasin shall be 1800mm x
1800mm.
• The minimum dimensions for an accessible toilet room are
SECOND FLOOR PLAN 2200 mm width and 2300 mm depth.
SEATING ARRANGEMENT w.r.t. NBC:

AISLES (According to NBC) SERVICE

• Clear aisles = 1.2m AREA WAITING
• The width of cross- aisles minimum of 1m AREA
• The common path of travel = 30m
• Width of aisles in balcony > 1.2m
a) Exists shall be provided waiting spaces on the basis of
1 person for each 0.3 m2 of waiting room. GREEN
ROOM
STAG
b) Railing on balcony 1000mm
E
c) Cross aisles, except where the back of seats on the
front of the aisle project 600 mm railing > 900 mm
high.
AHU
SEATING for HANDICAPPED (According to NBC)
• At least 1 percent of seats designed for wheelchairs TOILETS
users, with a minimum of two.
• Preferable if armrests lift up
( to allow transfer for wheelchair to seat)
• Some seats should be wider in order to allow larger size people to sit properly.
• For total seats exceeding 51, it is recommended to provide the designated seating
areas in the following manner:
a. Total seats 51 to 100, minimum three designated seating areas for wheelchair users.
b. Total seats 101 to 200, minimum four designated seating areas for wheelchairs users
c. One additional seating area should be provided for every two hundred additional
seats or part thereof.
SERVICES: (HVAC AND FIRE FIGHTING)

PRIMARY PRIMARY AC PRIMARY FIRE DUCT SECONDARY

SPRINKLER PIPE DUCT LINE SPINKLERS SPRINKLER PIPE SPRINKLER PIPE

SECONDARY AC TERTIARY AC DUCT LINE FIRE DUCT

AC DIFFUSERS CONNECTION FROM
DUCT LINE
SECONDARY DUCT
SERVICES:

HVAC (According to NBC)

• Separate AHU for each floor to avoid the
hazards arising from spread of fire and
smoke through the air conditioning ducts
• The Air Duct shall be separate from each
AHU to its floor and in no way shall
interconnect with the duct of any other
floor.
• Metallic ducts used even for the return air
instead of space above the false ceiling.
FIRE SAFETY GUIDELINES (According to NBC)
• For fully sprinklered building, it shall be
ensured that sprinklers are located within
3m distance from centre to centre with a
sprinkling radius of 1.5m each.

Main Fire line

Distribution
spriklers line
AC duct
Ceiling Floor plan
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION: (ACOUSTICS)
15 mm thk 15 mm thk Microfibre 15 mm thk 12.5 mm thk gypsum
Microfibre tile tile ceiling on g.i. anutonepanelin g board ceiling on g.i.
panelling on g.i. frame in splay from on frame finished+ 50mm
frame upto + 50 mm thk g.i.frame + walls thk glass wool
second lvl catwalk density glasswool tract panelling
,50 mm thk with fabric finish + 12.5 mm thk gypsum
glasswool on House for curtain- 50 mm thk glass First ceilling – 50 mm board ceilling on g.i
stage side walls partition in hard wool above 9’0” thk glass wool in frame finished with
and back wall wood frame finish ht between g.i. frame + asona spray + 50 mm
ed with veneer tissue paper thk glass wool

Wall finish with circular perforation paneling on

6” high wooden skirting
veneer upto 8’- g.i. frame with 50 mm thk, 32
0” height kg/m3 density glasswool in
4.5 mm thk veneer band on
between frames upto 8’0” ht
4.5 mm thk veneer paneling on hard hard wood frame + 50 mm
wood frame+ 50 mm thk glass wool at thk glass wool at
stage front 8’0” ht
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION: (ACOUSTICS)
Veneer paneling upto 3’0”ht + 15 Veneer paneling 12mm thk Sound Spot Taledore laminate
mm thk Autone paneling with walls upto 3’0”ht finished of Autone Acoustic Ltd L+6-T-32-
tracts covered with fabric on g.i. 50mm thk glass 6mm dia with circular perforation paneling
frame above 3’0”+50 mm thk glass wool+ paint on g.i. frame with 50mm thk, 32kg/m3
wool + air gap as per elevation finish above density glasswool in between frames upto
3’0”ht in S.L.L 8’0”ht

Procenium frame in veneer

15mm thk Microfibre tile
paneling on g.i. frame
above 8’0” ht upto second
lvl catwalk+ 50mm thk
glasswool on stage side
walls and back wall
finished on hard wood
frame+ 50mm thk glass wool
House for curtain- partition
in hard wood frame finished
with veneer as approved
4.5 mm thk 15mm thk Anutone
veneer paneling paneling in splay form on
on hard wood g.i. frame + walls tract
frame+ 50mm paneling with fabric finish+
thk glass wood 50 mm thk glass wool
at stage front above 9’0”ht (avg)
OTHER FEATURES:

CONTROL BOX CONTROL BOX

SPEAKERS ON ABOVE PANELS

SPEAKERS
GREEN ROOM PASSAGE STAGE
12X 8M

SIDE PANELS ON STAGE SPEAKERS IN PIT

DUCTING SERVICES: CATWALK

CATWALK SPRINKLER
PIPES
• Entry Only for maintains people. TRUSS
AC DUCTING
PIPES
• It is a dark area. ENTRY

BEAM WELDED
TO TRUSS

SUSPENDER BOX
FROM BEAM ABOVE
25 DIA GI
RAILING PIPE

METAL PLATE

SECTION THROUGH CATWALK

SPRINKLERS
CATWALK
ENTRY

CATWALK LEVEL PLAN

ARCHTECTURAL BUILDING SERVICES SEM 9

Building Category:

THEATRES/ CINEMA HALLS

CASE STUDY 03

TOPIC :
EVERYMAN THEATRE, LIVERPOOL: Net-Zero
energy
INTRODUCTION:

• PROJECT NAME: Everyman Theatre, Liverpool

• LOCATION: Hope Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, England.

• ARCHITECT: Haworth Tompkins

• BREEAM Rating and score Excellent – 70.2% N

• Basic Building Cost 2,300 £/m2

• Services Costs 500 £/m2

• External Works 310 £/m2

• Gross floor area 4,690 m2

• Total area of site 0.161 hectares (1610m2 )

• Rebuilt – 2011 to 2014

ABOUT:

• As is befitting a theatre dedicated for ‘Everyman’ (and woman),

accessibility and sustainability were key to the brief.

• The auditorium, studio, foyer and office spaces are all naturally
ventilated with distinctive extract chimneys prominent on the
roof.

• The mechanical design by Waterman group also includes

rainwater harvesting, a highly efficient combined heat and power
(CHP) system, air source heat pumps, a wood burning stove, high
levels of insulation, variable external sun shading and exposed
thermal mass to regulate internal temperatures.

• All of these elements combined to help the building achieve a

BREEAM excellent rating.

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SUSTAINABILITY:

• Natural ventilation is used for all the main performance

and workspaces.

• Dismantling the existing structure, the nineteenth century

chapel was replaced by auditorium.

• It was necessary to make efficient use of the site footprint.

• the shell of the existing structure was carefully dismantled

to allow most of the chapel’s bricks to be salvaged for use
in the theatre’s internal foyer.

• In the auditorium, outdoor air is supplied to the audience

without the need for mechanical assistance for the
majority of the summer and all through the autumn and
spring.

• Having minimized the space and material requirement of

the project, the fabric was designed to achieve a BREEAM
Excellent rating.
FACADE:

• Externally, red brick was selected for meshing it

into the surrounding architecture.

• The main west facing elevation of the building

consisting of 105 cast- aluminum sun-shading
shutters.

• These are set in three rows, running the length of the elevation, and each one features a
life-size portrait of a contemporary Liverpool resident, cut out of the metal sheet.

• Each shutter is manually operable from inside, which randomizes the appearance of the
facade according to weather and pattern of use.
FACADE:

PLAN

• Solar gains and glare to the foyer and bars are kept to a minimum by the shutters.

• The shades, which rotate around a central pivot, are positioned by occupants opening
ELEVATION
a window, manually moving the shade, and then locking it into position.
Pivoted aluminium sun
shading shutter frame with • In practice, this means each screen is set at a different angle, at different times of the
portrait on metal sheet. day, to create a dynamic façade.
VENTILATION - COOLING THE STALLS :

• The ventilation strategy was to “provide a nice clean

swept path for the air to enter the space at low level,
then meet very little resistance as it is allowed to rise
from low level to high level in the auditorium and
finally to provide a simple root out through the
rooftop chimney”

• Fresh air enters the building through an inlet and

then passes through acoustic attenuators and into a
giant concrete-encased plenum constructed beneath
the workshop area behind the theatre stage.

• An air-source heat pump allows incoming air to be

heated or cooled when necessary with fan
LEGENDS
assistance.
1. Intake plenum taking air from outside.
• Actuator controlled dampers regulate the air flow 2. Air enters auditorium beneath stalls and
seatings.
through the auditorium. 3. Incoming air warmed by occupants.
4. Driving buoyancy.
• The fresh air finally enters the auditorium through a 5. Acoustic exhaust plenum.
series of perforated grills beneath the seating. 6. Exhaust plenum.
7. Warm air out through chimney.
VENTILATION - COOLING THE STALLS :
• The air is then supplied to the space through an
arrangement of openings behind and below the
seats.

• The people and lighting help to warm the air,

making it buoyant, and causing it rise to high
level.

TEMPERATURE IN AUDITORIUM
• Heat given off by the audience and from the
theatre lighting increases the buoyancy of the air
causing it to rise upwards through the lighting
gantries to an acoustically attenuated 2.5m
exhaust air plenum.

• A giant duct which double backs on itself, then

delivers the air from the plenum to the four
louvered chimneys (stack effect)

• Bricks add significantly to the thermal mass which

helps keep the auditorium cool in summer.

• Two AHU units were provided as insurance for

AUDITORIUM the failure of natural ventilation.
BACKSTAGE - COMMUNITY ROOM :
• Rehearsal and main rehearsal room are naturally
ventilated like auditorium.

• A street level intake, and has chimney slots for

extract.

• The rehearsal room is ventilated by roof

windcatchers, supplemented with opening terrace
doors.
CHIMNEYS REHEARSAL ROOM
• The foyers are vented via opening screens and warm
air is extracted through large lightwell.
MATERIALS:
• The design combines thermally massive construction with a series
low energy technical infrastructures to achieve an exceptional
energy efficiency both in construction and in use.
• As the structure was a redevelopment for the old one on the same
site, the architects tried to retain some features of the original
building.
• The walls of the old building had to be
carefully dismantled so that the bricks could be
reused within the new theatre.
• These now form the main wall between the
400-seat auditorium and its surrounding foyer. Bricks reused from the old
structure into the Auditorium

• The rest structure is built from a

typical local brick stock.
• Externally, local red brick was
selected for the walls and four large
ventilation stacks, giving the
building a distinct silhouette and
meshing it into the surrounding
architecture.
• This makes the structure vernacular
and blend in.
MATERIALS:
• A concrete structure is left exposed throughout these spaces and sits
alongside a palette that includes black steel, oak and recycled iroko
wood.
• The architect’s idea was to use materials that would be robust and age
well.
• Visual artist Antoni Malinowski made a large painted ceiling piece for
the foyer, to complement an internal palette of brickwork, black steel,
oak, reclaimed Iroko, deeply coloured plywood and pale in situ concrete.
• The fully exposed concrete structure (with a high percentage of cement
replacement) and reclaimed brickwork walls provide excellent thermal
mass, while the orientation and fenestration design optimize solar
response.
• Most of these
materials being Exposed concrete used in cafeteria,
rehearsal rooms, and exhibition spaces
recycled and
use to materials
in a sense to
save energy
makes the
space an
exemplar of
sustainable Section showing how the interior is complementing
good practice. each other
LIGHTING AND ACOUSTIC :
• The audience wrapped around the stage on three sides, the Everyman has a
seated capacity of 405 in its standard configuration including up to 4 wheelchair
users as standard
• Natural ventilation for the main performance and workspaces is achieved via large
roof vents and the foyers are vented via opening screens and a large lightwell. 
• The front of house and auditorium house lighting schemes use entirely low energy
LED fittings.
• Arc System was used for the house lights and emergency lighting throughout,
these highly efficient LEDs are fully dimmable from 0-100%.
• The key to the success of the Everyman auditorium is its ability to maintain the
familiar warmth and charm of the old theatre in a sustainable, flexible way and the
use of Arc System is an important factor in achieving this.
• Blues System was used in all working areas.
• Clark Door supplied and installed a range of doors from
acoustic steel hinged and composite doors through to
fire rated single and double leaf Pivot doors.
• One of the Pivot Doors manufactured for the Everyman
Theatre is the tallest Clark Door made to date which is
4.6 meter high.
• The door is held open by an electromagnet and is
designed to seal off the stairway in event of a fire.
4.6 M HIGH PIVOT DOOR
LIGHTING AND ACOUSTIC :
• For seating Carnaby chair are used which has contemporary style,
it uses laser cut metalwork and a range of different wood
finishes.
• This chair is best for ever-changing venues with multiple seating
layouts.
• It allows producers the most flexibility without compromising
seat comfort or aesthetics.

• Regupol 6010BA is designed to provide acoustic insulation

beneath screed in areas where extreme loads and heavy
traffic volumes are anticipated. 
• This is particularly important when heavy loads are a factor
as compression over time can measurably reduce the
acoustic effectiveness of a soundproofing material.
• Designed to reduce impact noise from very high loads
having a maximum load bearing capacity of 50kN/m²
(5000kg/m²).
REGUPOL 6010BA MATERIAL
• Regupol 6010BA is manufactured from a recycled rubber
ACOUSTIC INSULATION
crumb and has Zero GWP (Global Warming Potential) and
Zero ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential).
NET ZERO CARBON STAGES:

• Dr. Stephen Finnegan (University of Liverpool) and Mark

Da Vanzo (Chief Executive of the Everyman and Playhouse
Theatre) are working in collaboration to
(a) measure the whole life carbon impact of the theatre
(b) develop a plan to reduce this impact to zero.

• The work includes an assessment of the “embodied

carbon” due to construction and the “operational carbon”
due to operation.

• There are direct and indirect carbon impacts as a result of

using energy for power, heating, cooling, lighting and
other fuels for transportation, waste, water, catering,
maintenance etc. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) protocol.

• In order to undertake an assessment of this type, they
start with defining the scope of the project and
considering the areas of the theatre that we can and
cannot directly measure and control. And then consider
the time period for assessment (in this case 60 years).
Within the protocol there are 3 stages to consider.
• Scope 1 (Direct emissions such from boilers),
• Scope 2 (Indirect emissions from purchased electricity)
• Scope 3 (All other indirect emission). In this analysis
(and at this stage)
NET ZERO CARBON ENERGY USED IN THE BUILDING:
• The operational energy use was calculated by
obtaining the average gas and electricity
consumption figures (kWh) for the theatre on an
annual basis. The 60 year operational carbon
footprint would equal approximately 5,758 tones
of carbon.
• For the embodied energy use, all the new and
reclaimed items (from the previous theatre) used
in the construction of the theatre. Carbon
emissions from site activities were measured under
BREEAM. Our analysis has shown that the
embodied carbon impact of the theatre was
approximately 4,845 tones of CO2 (carbon).
• A combined total of approximately 10,603 tones of
carbon. In this scenario, approximately 46% of the
buildings life cycle would be embodied.
• Since 2010, the Everyman Theatre has purchased
100% renewable electricity from a REGO supplier
.This is significant as it means that the electricity
used within the everyman is effectively zero carbon
in operation.
• Their 60 year whole carbon footprint would then
reduce from 10,603 tones to approximately 8,420
tones. In this scenario, approximately 57% of the
buildings life cycle would be embodied.
THANK YOU