FLOORS

BUILIDING COMPONEN

KANCHAN 00306142019
NANDITA 00406142019
SONA 00506142019
INTRODUCTIO i)
ii)
Adequate strength and stability
Adequate fire resistance

N
The purpose of a floor is to provide a level surface of
capable of supporting the occupants of the building
iii)
iv)
Sound insulation
Damp resistance
v) Thermal insulation
furniture, equipment and sometimes internal partitions.

To perform this function and in addition, others which

may vary according to the situation of the floor in the
building and the nature of the building itself, the floor
must satisfy the following requirements
COMPONENTS OF
FLOORING
1. SUB FLOOR
Sub floor, base course or floor base:-
• The floor base is a structural
component which supports the
floor covering.

• For the ground floors, the object

of floor base is to give proper
support to the covering so that it
does not settle and to provide
damp resistance and thermal
insulation.

• Ground floors may either rest

directly on the ground or may be
supported a little distance above
the ground
COMPONENTS OF
FLOORING
2. FLOOR COVERING

A finish floor (also known as

floor covering) is the top layer of
flooring. In other words, it is
the layer that you walk on, and it
is typically quite decorative layer
compared to the layers of
flooring beneath it. Floor
coverings can include carpets,
laminate, tile, rugs, and vinyl.
MUD FLOORING
• This flooring is cheap, hard, fairly
impervious, easy to construct & easy
to maintain

• It has good thermal insulation

property. 

•  Over a well prepared ground a 25 cm

thick moist earth is spread & then TRADITIONAL MUD FLOORING CONSTRUCTION IN KERELA
rammed well to get compacted
thickness of 15 cm.
MUD FLOOR
• In order to prevent cracks, small
quantity of chopped straw is mixed in RUBLE SOILING
the moist earth before rammed.
EARTH FILLING
• Sometimes, cow-dung is mixed with
earth & a thin layer of this spread
over the compacted layer
TRADITIONAL MUD FLOORING CONSTRUCTION IN KONAKA REGION
 SCREEDING FLOOR FINISH

MUD LAYER
(4 INCHES)

MARINGOTA LEAVES

BAMBOO BOARDING
Plank below the Rafters: 3 cm thick      Span of the Rafters: 3.8 m         load bearing cob walls: 24
cm
Rafter   = 3 X 15 cm            Bamboo Boarding size = 1.2 m X 2.4 m     Thickness- 19mm thick
RAFTER
Mud Layer   = 10cm Thick

TRADITIONAL MUD FLOORING CONSTRUCTION IN KERELA

BRICK FLOORING
• It is used in cheap construction, specially where good bricks are available.

• This flooring is specially suited to ware-house, stores, godowns etc. 

• 10 to 15 cm thick layer of lean

cement concrete (1:8:16) or
lime concrete is laid over the
prepared sub grade.

• This forms the base course,

over which bricks are laid flat
on 12 mm thick mortar bed in
such way that all the joints are
full with mortar.
WOODEN FLOORING
•  It is used for carpentry halls, dancing halls,
auditorium etc.

• They are not commonly used in residential

building of India because timber flooring is
quiet costlier.

• In hilly areas, where timber is cheaply &

readily available, and where temperature drops
very low, timber flooring is quite common.

• One of the major problems in timber flooring

is the damp prevention.

• This can be done by introducing D.P.C. layer

below the flooring.
SOLID CONCRETE FLOORING
• This is commonly used for residential, commercial & even
industrial building. It is moderately cheap, quite durable
and easy to construct.

• The floor consists of two components:-

a) hardcore g) floor finish
b)blinding f) DPC
c)DPM
d)site concrete e) insulation
e) insulation
f) floor finish d)site concrete
c)DPM

b) sand blinding

a) hardcore
SUSPENDED CONCRETE
FLOORING
• Suspended concrete floor construction is increasingly the most common flooring
system specified in residential construction.

• The suspended floor does not rely on support from the ground below but instead is
supported by the external walls, and therefore the foundations below.

• They are typically used in situations such as sloping sites, areas where the ground has
poor bearing capacity, or there is a likelihood of ground volume change. If the ground
water table is high, or there are aggressive chemicals present in the soil, a suspended
floor is often specified.
STEP 1
LAYER OF DPM FOUNDATION

foundation wall built up to the desired height and

damp proof course installed below the beams
STEP 2

Beam placed in position at appropriate centres and

blocks / bricks placed between the beams infill
blocks positioned at edges.
STEP 3

Internal leaf built off floor ready for installation of

insulation and floor finishes
STEP 4

Insulation installed over beam and block floor

STEP 5

DPM and vapour control layer installed over

insulation followed by sand cement screed
SELECTION OF FLOORING MATERIAL

INITIAL COST : The cost of material should be in conformity

with the type of building and its likely use.

APPEARANCE : Covering should give pleasing

appearance that is it should produce the desired color
effect and architectural beauty

CLEANLINESS:– The flooring should be

capable of being cleaned easily and it should be
not absorbent

DURABILITY:– The flooring should have

sufficient resistance to wear, temperature
changes, disintegration with time and decay
so that long life is obtained.
SELECTION OF FLOORING MATERIAL

DAMP RESISTANCE:– Flooring should offer the resistance

against dampness so that healthy environment is obtained in
the building.

SOUND INSULATION:– The flooring should insulate

the noise. Also, it should not be such that the noise is
produced when users walk on it.

THERMAL INSULATION:– The flooring should

offer reasonably good thermal insulation so that
comfort is imparted to the residents of the building.

HARDNESS:– It should be sufficiently hard

so as to have resistance to indentation marks,
imprints etc. likely to be caused by shifting
of furniture, equipments etc.