WELCOME TO OUR

PRESENTATION
PRESENTED TO
OUR RESPECTABLE TEACHER

DR MD ASHRAF ALI SIR

CHAIRMAN
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY

MAWLANA BHASHANI SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

TANGAIL 1902, BANGLADESH
 PRESENTATION

Presented by Group (2)

• Sabbir Ahmed (PHA-19021)
• Belayet Hossain (PHA-19028)
• Taherul Islam (PHA-19032)
Course Name: Organic Pharmacy
Course Code: PHAR-1105

TOPICS:
1.Inductive Effect
2.Bond Length
3.Bond Energy
4.Bond Angle
 INDUCTIVE EFFECT

The inductive effect (I Effect) reffers to the polarity produced in a molecule as a result of higher
electronegativity of one atom compared to another.

,,Simply we can say

Inductive effect is defined as permanent displacement of shared election pair in carbon chain
towards more electronegative atom or group.
 TYPES OF INDUCTIVE EFFECT

1. Negative Inductive Effect

2. Positive Inductive Effect

Here, we‘ll describe about this classification.

* Negative Inductive Effect (-I) :-
The elections withdrawing nature of groups or atoms is called negative inductive effect.
It is indicated by –I, following are the examples of groups in the decreasing order of their –I
effect:
Electronegativeity and inductive effects:
Two principles – electron-withdrawing substituents can increase acidity of a nearby atom, which increases
with electronegativity and decreases with increasing distance to the atom.
* Positive Inductive Effect (+I) :-
It reffers to the electron increasing nature of the groups of atoms and is denoted by +I.
The following are the examples of groups in the decreasing order of their +I effect.
Graphical charts -
+I and –I effect groups:-
 APPLICATION OF
INDUCTIVE EFFECT
Inductive effect is useful in explaining the strength of some organic acids and bases.

a) Effect is substitute on the acid strength of aliphatic acids.

HCOOH > CH3 COOH > (CH3)2CHCOOH

Reason : acidic strength decreases as +I effect of tge alkyle group increases.

b) O2NCH2COOH > FCH2COOH > ClCH2COOH > BrCH2COOH >ICH2COOH > CH3COOH

Reason : acidic strength decreases as –I effect of the group or halogen decreases.

 BOND LENGTH
Distances between center of bonded ions are called bond length or bond distance.
Or, when two atoms are bonded by a covalent bond, the distance between the centres of the two nuclei
is called bond length.
Bond length is related to Bond order when more electrons participatesin bond formation the bond will get
shorter.

Bond length are measured by X-ray crystallography and by microwave spectroscopy. The unit of bond
length is Angstrom (1Å = 10-8 cm). For most bonds the values are 1Å to 2Å. Some typical bond length are
given bellow:-
Bond length measurement :- Na & Cl atom
 BOND ENERGY
Bond energy or bond strength is defined as the amount of energy required to break a bond in a molecule.

Bond energyies depend upon the type of bond as well as the structural environment in which the bond is situated. They are determined by
quantitive measurments of heats of chemical reactions and by spectroscopic methods. The unit of bond energy is kcal/mole.
Some bond energy list:-
 BOND ANGLE
• A bond angle is the angle formed between three atoms across at least two bonds

Or,, A bond angle is the angle between two bonds

originating from the same atom in a covalent species.
• Different bond angles →
VSEPR table →
• Sources

-Organic Chemistry by Bhal & Bhal

-Wikipedia.org
-Sldshare.net
THANK
YOU