The Context of UNIT 3

Greek Mythology
 1. Greece in 2000 BC
2. The Influence of the
Ancient Greece
3. Greek Myths and
Context of Greek Religion
mythology 4. Textual, Aids in
Understanding Greek
Mythology
 • Explain how the elements
specific to a genre
contribute to the theme of
a particular literary
selection (EN10LT-Ib-2.2).
Learning • Determine the effect of
competencies textual aids like advance
organizers, titles, non-
linear illustrations, etc. to
the understanding of a
text (EN10RC-Ia-2.15.2).
 objectives

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
explain the analyze a text recognize the recognize Greek recognize the recognize Greek use textual aids
history of based on its distinct culture culture through distinct culture culture through in
Greece from context and of Greece; literature; of Greece; literature; and understanding
2000 BC; setting; Greek myths.
 Vocabulary Words
emigrant
(noun) a person who moves to another
country permanently
They are emigrants from Crete.
cultivate
(verb) to develop a land
Our farmers cultivate lands that they don’t
edifice even own.
(noun) a massive and impressive structure
Parthenon is an astounding edifice that has
been standing for centuries. vessel
(noun) a huge ship
residue The warriors prepared five vessels for their
(noun) small remains after a completed adventure.
process
Artists remove residues from their artworks
only when they feel that they are completely
done.
 Vocabulary Words

revert
(verb) to return to former condition
They revert to old habits after winning in the
elections.
ulterior
(adjective) a hidden agenda
truism Not everyone has ulterior motives.
(noun) a commonly stated idea that is
obviously true
“You can’t give what you don’t have” is a
self-sufficient
truism, yet some people choose to ignore it. (adjective) state of living and functioning
without help from others
traverse Bobbie had to be self-sufficient when she
went to Athens to work there.
(verb) to examine
Every thinking citizen traverses these
politicians’ claims and promises.
 Vocabulary Words

supplant
(verb) to replace something or someone
New technologies supplant decades-old
machines.
taunt
(noun) insulting remarks toward someone
His enemies’ taunts do not hurt him anymore.
enthrall
(verb) to capture the attention of someone
The magician enthralls both young and old
audience.
equilibrium
(noun) a state of balance
fetter Many people are still working toward
achieving equilibrium.
(noun) chain or shackle for the feet
Hercules broke the fetters of Prometheus.
Greece in 2000 BC
Why do we have to trace the past of a
nation?
 Greek Impressions

Think about the following question:

When you think of Greece, what words, objects, events, or types of people
come to mind?
Write down your impressions or ideas in the concept map on the next slide.
Timeline of Key Events in Ancient Greece and Other Countries
Topography of Greece

● composed of mainland Greece and

numerous islands scattered throughout the
Aegean and Adriatic seas
● a mountainous country with two seasons:
summer (hot, dry) and winter (rainy and
cool).
Greek Settlements

● Ancient Greek settlements were developed

within small independent communities
divided by mountains.
● Each of the city-states that developed from
these communities had a strong individual
identity.
● The citizens were loyal to their home state
and its patron god.
Greek settlements

• The map shows

ancient Greece and
the surrounding
area. The first
emigrants who
travelled east
settled in Ionia, a
coastal area of Asia
Minor.
Beginning of Greek Civilization

● The first great civilization of the Aegean

world flourished on the Island of Crete. The
first settlers of Crete probably came from
western Asia Minor, which is now known as
modern-day Turkey.
● In 1900, Sir Arthur Evans discovered
Knossos where the Minoan civilization also
sprang from.
● As early as 6000 BC, Crete’s population began to rise.
● The Minoan civilization reached the height of its power and
wealth between 2200 BC and 1450 BC.
● Its wealth was a result of trading with the other towns in Greece
including the Mediterranean, Egypt, and Syria.
● The island of Crete, became a powerful city around
2000 BC, generating trade with the civilizations
surrounding it.
● The Bronze Age (2000–1100 BC) brought changes to
Greece and its islands. This period is characterized by
the use of bronze in tool making and weaponry.
PEOPLE AND LANGUAGE
• The Minoans were a lively, pleasure-loving, and
sensuous people. They are fond of bright colors,
complex games (such as a version of backgammon),
and elegant clothes.
• The first writing system in the Greek world, termed
Linear A, was discovered in Crete.
ARTS AND CRAFTS, MILITARY
Art began to progress with natural sculptures and
dances. Frescoes also began to be created with high
quality.
Military bases were also placed in different parts of
the city. Their strong fleet, with powers extending
throughout the Aegean Sea, enabled them to establish
colonies in various places.
INFRASTRUCTURE
● A palace built during the Minoan period was
discovered at Phaistos.
● Palaces were repeatedly wrecked by earthquakes
but were also reconstructed by the Minoans at
around 1700 BC. At the same time,
thalassocracy, the Minoan sea empire, was
founded.
● Around 1600 BC, the palaces of Knossos and
Phaistos were destroyed again.
KNOSSOS
PALACE
● Minoan civilization had peaceful relations with
other civilizations surrounding the Aegean Sea.
● Minoan civilization disappeared, possibly due to
volcanic eruptions in the area during that time.
● After the Minoan civilization’s downfall, a new
civilization controlled the trade of Crete—the
Mycenaean civilization.
ECONOMY
● The Minoan period was characterized by
significant trades and construction of
beautiful palaces.
● The economy was based around rich
palaces, one of which was Knossos.
The Influence of Ancient
Greece
 How does a nation contribute to the
development of another nation’s culture?
ANCIENT GREEK INFLUENCES IN
LITERATURE
● influenced the western world by forming the
foundations of epic tradition, lyric poetry, and
dramas

➔ Epics
◆ originated from oral tradition
◆ originally phrased in verse
◆ The most famous Greek epics are Homer’s The
Iliad and The Odyssey.
➔ Lyric Poetry
◆ originally influenced by the political, social, and
intellectual climate of ancient Greece
◆ shorter than the epic
◆ sung in different occasions
◆ origin of the modern-day songs that we listen
to today
➔ Drama
◆ famous for tragedy and comedy
◆ Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides were
famous Greek tragedy playwrights.
◆ Aristophanes and Menander were famous
Greek comedy playwrights.
◆ adapted and performed in different stages
all over the world
Ancient Greek Influences in Visual Arts
• contributed various styles in painting,
sculpture, and pottery
 Ancient Greek Influences in Philosophy

● Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle developed an

intricate philosophical thought.

● The Socratic method

○ developed by Socrates
○ basis of today’s argument and debate
•
● Plato
○ famous for his Allegory of the Cave

● Aristotle
○ Plato’s student
○ philosophized using observations instead
of abstractions
○ famous work: Corpus Aristotelicum-- the
collection of Aristotle's works that have
survived from antiquity through medieval
manuscript transmission
Greek Myths and Religion
 Epic Heroes
1. Think about the following question: What makes the following
heroes human and extraordinary at the same time?
2. Discuss your answers with your seatmates.
MYTH

• reflect various aspects of human life

such as religion, human actions,
history, and even romance
Purposes of Myths

● Myths about gods were intended to explain

religious matters.
● Myths explain how and why the gods control
nature.
● Myths explain human actions.
● Other myths teach morals.
● Myths contain embellished versions of history.
● Myths touch on sympathy and romance.
Anthropomorphism

● comes from two Greek words: anthropos

meaning “man” and morphe meaning “form”
● as a literary device: the attribution of human
traits, ambitions, emotions, or entire behavior
to animals, nonhuman beings, natural
phenomena, or objects
Textual Aids in Understanding
Greek Myths
How do visual aids help in grasping a
text?
 Strategies in Reading

1. Think about the following questions:

What strategies do you employ when reading the
following:
a. a story that has many characters of different families
or groups to familiarize?
b. a story that has a plot with many twists and turns?
c. a story that has many characters with similar and
different characteristics?
2. Discuss your answers with your seatmates.
3. Share your answers with the class.
 TEXTUAL AIDS

• help in identifying the elements of a

story from the literary selections
 Kinds of
Textual Aids

● Storyboard

○ used for highlighting

key events in the story,
which are important in
understanding the text
○ events to be written in
each storyboard panel
should correspond to
the events in the story
 Kinds of
Textual Aids

● Family Tree Chart

○ helps the reader

trace the
connection or
relationship
between the
characters in the
text.
 Kinds of
Textual Aids

● Character chart
○ used to further
understand the
motives of each
character
○ contains the
characters’ attributes
and behavior based
on the story
 PERFORMANCE TASK: Brochure making
GOAL: To educate Filipino tourists to Greece about the ancient history and cultural
influences from Greece.
Role: You are the marketing manager of a travel agency and you are tasked to create
a brochure that would include interesting details about the history and culture of
Greece.
Audience: Filipino tourists in Greece
Situation: The owner of the travel agency assigned you to come up with a travel
brochure that highlights the “Glory that was Greece” as it will be the theme and
highlight of the tour package to Greece that will be participated in by Filipino tourists.
Product: The output should be a brochure layout in any computer application like
Indesign, Illustrator, Publisher and the like.