Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi

“DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF IOT BASED

RATION
VENDING MACHINE”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF   ENGINEERING
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
By, Under the guidance of
AKASH H.B -4GL18ME428 Prof. GEETHA .H.R.
DARSHAN K.N. -4GL18ME404 Assistant professor
ASHRITHA D.R. -4GL18ME401
CHANDAN .K.H.-4GL18ME403
MAHALAKSHMI.S. -4GL16ME026

Govt. College of Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering,GECK 1
 CONTANTS
SL NO. TOPIC

1. INTRODUCTION

2. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

4. OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT

5. METHODOLOGY

6. ESTIMATION OF COST

7. PRPOSED SYSTEM

8. CONCLUSION

9. REFERENCES

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 IOT BASED RATION
VENDING MACHINE

 INTRODUCTION
• The government of India is in an effort to ensure supply of ration
items at less price to all citizens of India.
• Supply of ration items like rice, wheat, sugar, kerosene, oil etc., are
provided to the ration holders in limited quantity which is fixed by
the government of India.
• For collecting the ration items person have to stand in long queue in
ration shop. Ration shop also take delay in processing to provide
ration items.
• We present initial concept of a ration vending machine using
fingerprint recognition and using RFID for the recognition.
• This system overcome the problem of standing in queue and having
delay. It also effects on corruption which are been take place in
ration shop on the bases of fake Id.
• So it will also provide security to ration holder

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 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

1) Need to wait in queue: Consumers need to wait in queue for their turn
leaving their works.
2) Time restrictions: There will be time restriction of supplying on few hours in
the morning and afternoon. There will be no ration shops to supply goods on
special occasions like national festivals
3) False weights: People at ration shop supply lesser good than actual
measurement to consumers.
4) Adulteration: This is the major disadvantage of PDS system where they can
increase goods by adding adulterants. This reduces the quality of goods. Even
few adulterants cause disorders.
5) Misuse of ration cards: People misuse others ration cards when they need
goods at fewer prices. For their benefit they take ration card from others and
get ration in the ration shops

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Fig shows:- Existing system

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LITERATURE REVIEW
A.N. Madur, Sham Nayse [1]
“Automation in Rationing System using Arm 7”, this system is based on radio
frequency identification of customer. Here each customer is provided with
RFID cards.
•In this system, by using RFID and by entering the password we can access.
First user is authenticated, then system shows the balance of person.
•User have to enter the amount of Kg he want to withdraw. System checks his
account.

•Rajesh C. Pingle, P. B. Borole [2]

“Automatic Rationing for Public Distribution System (PDS) using RFID and
GSM Module to Prevent Irregularities”,
•In this automated system conventional ration card is replaced by smartcard
in which all the details about users are provided including their AADHAR
(social security) number which is used for user authentication.
•This prompted us to interface smart card reader (RFID Based) to the
microcontroller (AT89C51) and PC via RS232 to develop such a
system.
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  OBJECTIVE
To provide security to the Ration holder due to fingerprint
recognition and using RFID card. Provide proper amount of Ration item. Not need
to stand in queue for long times to collect ration items.

 METHODOLOGY
The system consists of power supply(230v AC or 12v DC),
output units consisting of valves, load cell, pressure guage, flow sensor, fingerprint
sensor for input which are all controlled and monitored by Ardiuno Mega
controller.
• The RFID card scans and fingerprint scanner, scans the fingerprint of the person
and if the RFID and fingerprint data is available in the system's database it
initiates the controller operations.
• The controller send signals to the respective valves to open, for dispensing of
commodities. For a set quantity, the sensors senses the weight or flow rate,
sends signals to the controller which shuts off the valves.

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METHODOLOGY
BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 METHODOLOGY
Biometrics and RFID refers to technologies that measure and analyze
human body characteristics. There are some characteristics such as DNA,
fingerprints, eye retinas, voice and facial patterns for authentication
purposes. But in our project, we will use biometrics to analyze a fingerprint
RFID and also the security will be provided by this technique.

STEPS INVOLVED IN OPERATION

• Fingerprint scanning and authentication.
• RFID act as ration card and scan for authentication
• Signal generated and transmitted from controller to motor.
• Valve opens for disbursement of commodities.
• Signals generated from sensor and transmitted to controller.
• Valve shuts off for the next cycle to start.

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FLOW DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

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PROPOSED SYSTEM (2D DRAWINGS)
RICE VENDING MACHINE

Working :
Rice is poured into the hopper.
When the biometric Scanner and RFID matches the fingerprint data with the
Database card data base, further action takes place where in which
a motor starts rotating and in turn rotates a screw
conveyor . As the conveyor is rotating it dispenses
the rice which is carried along with it.

A weighing machine is placed on the ground upon

which a collecting tank is used. As the preset value
of the weight is reached the motor stops which in
turn stops the conveyor. As of this the dispensing
of rice is stopped.

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JAGGERY VENDING MACHINE

Working :
The container is filled with jaggery. As soon as
the machine is turned on after the fingerprint
match, an actuator with help of cam mechanism,
pushes the jaggery which is collected in a
collecting bag/container.

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OIL VENDING MACHINE

Working:
The Oil Container is filled oil. When machine
starts running after biometric verification, a
signal from the battery energizes the solenoid
valve prompting it to open the valve thus
releasing oil.

As the preset value is reached the signal from

the battery sets off which in turn deenergizes
the solenoid valve. Due to this the valve gets
closed which in turn stops the dispensing of
oil.

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 COMPONENTS AND MECHANISMS

 Sheet Metal

• Sheet metal is metal formed by an industrial process into thin,

flat pieces. 
• Sheet metal is one of the fundamental forms used in
metalworking, and it can be cut and bent into a variety of
shapes.
• Countless everyday objects are fabricated from sheet metal.
• The material for the sheet metal used is Mild steel as it suits
our design in strength and other parameters and also due its
cost effectiveness.
• Around 30kg of sheet metal is used for square tubes,
containers, supporting tables etc. The thickness used is of 16
gauge.

 Square Tubes
• Square tubes of 1 inch side produced from the sheet
metal, in 4 no. of quantities is used for supporting
columns. The approximate length is around 20m.
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  Battery

• A battery is an electrochemical cell (or enclosed

and protected material) that can be charged
electrically to provide a static potential for power
or released electrical charge when needed.
• The battery used by our model is a 12V/7Ah
battery as it is sufficient enough for all electrical
power requirements.

 Motor/Pump . Dc geared motor – johnson motor

• A 12V motor which runs at a speed of 60 rpm is used in
our model. 200RPM Centre Shaft Economy Series DC
Motor is high quality low cost DC geared motor
• The motor is screwed to the gear box from inside.
Although motor gives 200 RPM at 12V but motor runs
smoothly from 4V to 12V and gives wide range of RPM,
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and torque
 Microcontroller

• Microcontroller Microcontroller used in the

proposed system is Arduino Mega 2560. Fig
shows the image of the microcontroller used.
• It is the heart of the system.
• It is the main component of the system which
assigns and handles all the works performed by
the different modules.
 
 Fingerprint Scanner

• R307 is a finger print sensor module with TTL UART

interface.
• The user can store the finger print data in the module. A
level converter (like MAX232) is required for interfacing
with PC.
• The R307 fingerprint module has two interface TTL
UART and USB2.
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 Screw Conveyor

• A screw conveyor or auger conveyor is a

mechanism that uses a rotating helical screw blade,
called a "flighting", usually within a tube, to move
liquid or granular materials.
• They are used in many bulk handling industries.
• Screw conveyors in modern industry are often used
horizontally.

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  RFID CARD & READER

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses 

electromagnetic fields to automatically identify
and track tags attached to objects.
• An RFID system consists of a tiny radio
transponder, a radio receiver and transmitter.
• When triggered by an electromagnetic
interrogation pulse from a nearby RFID
reader device, the tag transmits digital data,
usually an identifying inventory number,
back to the reader.
• This number can be used to track inventory
good
• Smart cards (ISO/IEC 15693, 
ISO/IEC 14443 A, B

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Flow control valve

• IS ½ AC 220 VOLTS
• PRESSURE : 1 to 10 Kg/cm2 Voltage: 230 VAC Working Medium: Air,
Water, Oil, Gas State Pipe Size: 1/2" MALE X 1/2" MALE
• These are normally closed water/air solenoid valves (Opens when
energized). This type of water/air solenoid valves are used as inlet
(feed) valves in washing machines, water purifiers, dish washers, Ice
makers, vending machines, Coffee makers and as control valve in
Automatic Water Faucets (Automatic sensor Taps).
• And any where where water/air is need to be controlled by solenoid
valve.

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 Solenoid Valve
• Solenoid valves are control units which, when electrically
energized or de-energized, either shut off or allow fluid
flow.
• The actuator takes the form of an electromagnet. When
energized, a magnetic field builds up which pulls a plunger
or pivoted armature against the action of a spring. IS ½ AC
220 VOLTS
• PRESSURE : 1 to 10 Kg/cm2 Voltage: 230 VAC Working
Medium: Air, Water, Oil, Gas State Pipe Size: 1/2" MALE X
1/2" MALE

 Hopper

• A Hopper is a large, pyramidal or cone shaped

container used in industrial processes to hold
particulate matter or flow-able material of any sort,
like dust, gravel, nuts, seeds etc. and can then
dispense these from the bottom when needed.
• Adjacent with the hopper a screw conveyor or a
cam mechanism is used in our system for
dispensing of rice or jaggery respectively.
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 Continued ..
 Weighing Machine
• Weighing machine is used for weight measurement so that when
certain preset quantity is dispensed the hopper is made to stop.

 Collecting Tanks
• Used for collecting the dispensed solid items.

 Oil Can
• Used for collecting oil.

 Pipes
• Used for the flow of oil.

 Bolts & Nuts

• Used for temporary fittings wherever required.

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Continued…

• DC supply: 4 to 12V
• RPM: 200 at 12V
• Total length: 46mm
• Motor diameter: 36mm
• Motor length: 25mm
• Brush type: Precious metal
• Gear head diameter: 37mm
• Gear head length: 21mm
• Output shaft: Centered
• Shaft diameter: 6mm
• Shaft length: 22mm
• Gear assembly: Spur
• Motor weight: 90gms

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Hopper specs and calculations

• H = height of Hopper
• W = width of hopper
• Ø = Angle of Pour
• L = Length of hopper, (L > 3w)
• Design of Hopper
• The angle of pour can be determined from the coefficient
of friction (μ) between rice and the material of the hopper
galvanized steel, this give the minimum angle at which
the rice will flow through the hopper outlet.
• From literature the friction coefficient was determined and
found out to be 0.4061.

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M= A * root of (Bg / 2(1+n)tan fi
where
• g = acceleration due to gravity
• = 9.81 m/s2B = w
• = for a symmetric slot hopper and
• n=0
• = bulk density of rice
• = 541 kg/m3
 
• A = outlet cross sectional area
• =wxL
• = 304 x 608
• = 184832 mm3
•  W = 304 mm
• L = 608 mm
• Angle of pour (Ø) • tan-1 μ (1)
• μ = 0.4061
• Ø = 250 Department of Mechanical Engineering,GECK 25
HEIGHT OF HOPPER
• The height of the hopper can be determined using the
• equation below
• Density of rice = Mass / Volume
• Density was nearly constant at 1.452 g/ml 
• Designing a hopper that can hold a mass of 20
• kg
• The Height (H) = 2 feet

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PROJECT PLANNING/ FUTURE WORK
NOVEMBER 2020 START OF PROJECT PLANNING
DECEMBER 2020 PROJECT SELECTION AND COST
ESTIMTION
MAY/JUNE 2021 PURCHASING OF MATERIALS AND
COMPONENTS
JUNE 2021 FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY OF
FRAMES AND COMPONENTS
JUNE 2021 PROJECT DEMO AND REPORT
SUBMISSION

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Sl.N Activities November December
PLAN ACTIVITIES
January 2021
February March April May June
o Planned 2020 2020 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021

01 Literature                
review

02 Planning/                
Designing

  Assembly/                
03 Fabrication
work

04 Final                
Testing

  Result &                
05 Calculation/
Conclusion

  Preparation                
06 of Report &
Submission

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ESTIMATION OF COST BEFORE PURCHASE
Components Estimated Cost Quantity

Motor 4000 3

Battery 2000 1

Ardiuno Mega 2560 R3 4500 1

Sensors (Load cell, Flow 1500 -

sensor)
Fingerprint Sensor Module – 800 1
R307

Hopper and Vibrator 2000 1

Valves, Pipes and Hoses 1200 -

MS frame and Fabrication 6000 -

Extra Expenditures 1700 -

TOTAL COST 23700 -

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BENEFITS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

• Increased adulteration in consumables can be prevented.

• Cost effective approach.
• Time saving approach.
• This system helps to maintain the data properly.
• Not need to stand in queue for long times to collect ration items.
• Biometric Based Rationing System will help to improvise the conditions
of the under-resource people in India.
• This system will mitigate the corruption taking place at fair price shops.
• Transparency in entire system.
• Shopkeepers will be accountable for fair distribution of ration that has
been provided to them.
• There won’t be hoarding and black marketing of goods.
• To help save time for both government and common people.

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3D Cad Soild Models

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FINAL OUTPUT OF IOT BASED RATION VENDING MACHINE

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 CONCLUSION
This proposed method can provide a safe, secure and efficient way of public
distribution system.
By using this equipment it solves the problem of manual process in public
distribution system.
This new technology gives solution and this designed project work will make
a great change in public distribution system
Provides benefit to the government by sending the stock information to the
government database and reduce the manpower.

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 References

[1]. Shubham Maheshwari, Mukesh Tiwari, “A Smart Public Ration

Distribution System”, International Journal of Innovative Research
in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 3,
2016.
[2].https://www.civilserviceindia.com/
[3]. Mohan et. al. “Automation of ration shop using PLC.” VoI.3,
Issue.5, SeptOct 2013. International Journal of Modern Engineering
Research.
[4] I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business, 2016, 5, 18-
25 Published Online September 2016 in MECS (http://www.mecs-
press.org/) DOI: 10.5815/ijieeb.2016.05.03.

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