Design of Machinery

Robert L. Norton

Chapter 1
Introduction
 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Machine Design I – Design of machine elements

* Analysis of individual elements
* Stress analysis, fatigue analysis, safety factor, deformation
* Shafts, keys, bearings, springs, screws and fasteners, gears,
clutches, and brakes
Machine Design II - Design of machinery, Mechanism design
* Synthesis and analysis of mechanisms
* Mechanism - mechanical device to transfer motion to a
desirable pattern e.g. umbrella, pencil sharpener, camera
shutter, folding chair, adjustable desk lamp, etc.
Level luffing crane
* Fourbar linkage
* Straight-line travel of
point P for 9 meters
Automobile hood - Fourbar
linkage
Lawn sprinkler
* Fourbar linkage
* Adjustable rotation angle
Casement window – Sixbar linkage

Open position Half-open position

Casement window – Kinematic diagram
Dump truck – Sixbar linkage
 1.1 KINEMATICS AND KINETICS
Statics
* Object stationary
* Object with a constant velocity (speed and direction)
* Object in very slow motion (acceleration is negligible)

Dynamics: Motion and acceleration must be taken into

account.
* Kinematics – study of motion without regard to force, only
displacement (angle), velocity (angular) , and
acceleration (angular) are investigated.
* Kinetics – study of force (moments) on systems in motion,
mass (moment of inertia), force (torque, moment).
* Kinematics is the base of kinetics.
 1.2 MECHANISMS AND MACHINES
Mechanism
A system of elements arranged to transmit motion in a
predetermined way.
Machine
A system containing mechanisms to transmit motion and
energy (force).
Mechanisms with light load and slow speed
Kinematic analysis (Chapters 2 - 9)
Mechanisms running with high speed
Kinematic and kinetic analysis (plus Chapters 10 - 16)
 1.5 THE DESIGN PROCESS
1. Identification of need
2. Background research
3. Goal statement
4. Performance specifications
5. Ideation and invention
6. Analysis
7. Selection
8. Detailed design
9. Prototyping and testing
10. Production
 Identification of need
* From client or boss
* Brief statement without details

Background research
* Gathering information on the relevant physics, chemistry,
….
* Solutions of similar problem
* Existing products on market
* Patent search, Internet search

Goal statement
* More coherent goal statement: functional visualization
 Performance
specifications
* Define and constrain the
problem
* For example, function details,
type of power supply, working

condition, cost, weight, size,

environmental consideration,
etc.
Ideation and invention (Synthesis)
* Creative process, idea generation, brainstorming
* Generate a number of solutions of the problem

Analysis
Apply sophisticated analysis techniques to
* examine the performance
* carry out kinematic and kinetic analysis
* check strength and deformation requirement

Selection
* Select the best solution – optimization process
 Detailed design
* Detailed drawings for each part (dimensions and
material)
* Assembly drawings (compatibility)

Prototyping and testing

* Computer modeling and simulation
* Prototyping (scaled or full-size) and testing

Production
1.10 UNITS