Research Design

SHOBHIT KUMAR
R.B.M.I., Bareilly

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.S., 2006
 Types of Research Design

 Exploratory research design

 Descriptive research design
 Experimental research design

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Exploratory research design
 The purpose of this research is to formulate a
problem for more precise investigation.
 It aims to gain new insights in the problem
 To formulate specific hypotheses
 To locate the possible variables
 The major concern oh this research is on
discovery of ideas or insights.

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Exploratory research design
 The survey of concerned literature
 The experience survey i.e. the people
concerns with the problem
 Analysis of insight stimulating examples

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Descriptive research design
 These are concern with describing the
characteristics of a particular group,
community, society, individual or event
 It aims to minimize bias and maximize
reliability.
 Two types:
 Qualitative
 Quantitative

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Qualitative description
 Studies related to culture, patterns,
processes, norms, values
 Methods:
 Observation
 Formal or informal interview

 Reading diaries

 Other secondary resources

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Quantitative description
 Use of questionnaire, schedule, scales,
structured interviews and other
statistically evaluative tools
 Types:
 Description of characteristics of individuals,
groups or communities
 Describing facilities
 Description of habits
 Description of attitudes of the people

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Steps of Quantitative description
 Formulation of objectives
 Designing the method of data collection
 Selection of sample
 Collecting the data
 Processing and analyzing the data
 Reporting the findings

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Experimental research design
 Procedure:
 Construction of control and experimental
groups.
 Pre-test

 Exposure of the experimental group to the

experiment
 Post-test

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Construction of groups:
 Randomization
 Matching-
 Mean matching
 Pair matching

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Types of Experimental designs
 After only experiments
 The before-after experiments
 Quasi-experimental Design

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After only experiments
 Pseudo experimental designs
 No pre test
 Only experiment and post test
 Two types:
 Single group post test only
 Two group post test only

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The before-after experiments
 Experimental group only
 Two group design
 Three groups- two control group
 Four group design- two control group
 Four group design- three control group

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Quasi-experimental Design
 Time series design
 Equivalent time sample design
 Non equivalent control group design
 Counterbalanced design
 Separate sample pre test-post test
design
 Patched up design

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Ex-post facto designs

 Correlation design
 Criterion group design

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Formal research designs
 C.R. Design:
 Two group simple randomized design
 Random replication design

 Random Block Design

 Latin Square Design
 Factorial Design

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References:
 Kothari C.R.,(2005) Research Methodology:
Methods and Techniques, N.Delhi: New Age
International P. Ltd., p.p. 35-52
 Singh A.K., (2002) Tests, Measurements and
Research Methods in Behavioural Sciences,
Patna: Bharti Bhawan, p.p. 416-423
 Thakur D.,(1993) Research Methodology in
social Sciences, N.Delhi: Deep & Deep
publications, p.p. 168-200

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