Globalization is characterized by increasing economic, cultural, political, and technological interdependence and integration between countries. Technological innovation and falling barriers to trade and investment have been major drivers of globalization by facilitating the freer flow of goods, services, money, people, and ideas across borders. As a result, markets have increasingly globalized as consumer preferences converge worldwide. While globalization allows companies to access lower production costs and expertise abroad, critics argue it has increased inequality and exploitation of workers in developing countries with little concern for human rights and the environment.
Globalization is characterized by increasing economic, cultural, political, and technological interdependence and integration between countries. Technological innovation and falling barriers to trade and investment have been major drivers of globalization by facilitating the freer flow of goods, services, money, people, and ideas across borders. As a result, markets have increasingly globalized as consumer preferences converge worldwide. While globalization allows companies to access lower production costs and expertise abroad, critics argue it has increased inequality and exploitation of workers in developing countries with little concern for human rights and the environment.
Globalization is characterized by increasing economic, cultural, political, and technological interdependence and integration between countries. Technological innovation and falling barriers to trade and investment have been major drivers of globalization by facilitating the freer flow of goods, services, money, people, and ideas across borders. As a result, markets have increasingly globalized as consumer preferences converge worldwide. While globalization allows companies to access lower production costs and expertise abroad, critics argue it has increased inequality and exploitation of workers in developing countries with little concern for human rights and the environment.
“Chapter 3:Globalization” Unit 1: Globalization and it’s History
John J.Wild and Kenneth L.Wild
What is Globalization • Globalization is the name given to the trend towards greate r economic, cultural, political, and technological interdependence among national institutions and economics. Globalization is characterized by denationalization. • The trend towards increasingly freer flow of goods, service, money, people, and ideas across national borders. History of Globalization Unit 2:Drivers of Globalization Forces driving globalization 1.Technological Innovation : Faster and cheaper technology in the digital global ec onomy of the Internet era has broken the national barrier of tim e and space, thus, integration of national markets ha ve been facilitated with ease. 2. Falling barriers to trade and investment: WTO,IMF,UN,World Bank Technological innovation Innovations in IT and Transportation methods are making it easier , faster and less costly to move data , goods and equipment around the world . Businesses are increasingly engaged in e- commerce. e-commerce is just the process of buyin g and selling produce by electronic means such as by mobile application s and the Internet. Advantages to Organizations •Improves the brand image of the company. •helps organization to provide better customer services. •helps to simplify the business processes and makes them faster and efficient. •reduces the paper work. Unit 3:Globalization of markets Globalization of markets
• It refers to the convergence in buyer preferences
in markets around the world. Benefits of Globalization of Markets • Reduces marketing costs: Companies that sell global products can reduce costs by standardizing certain marketing activities. • Creates new market opportunities: A company that sells a global product can explore opportunities abroad if its home market is small or becomes saturated. • Levels uneven income streams: A company that sells a product with universal, but seasonal, appeal can use international sales to level its income stream. • Local buyers’ needs: In the pursuit of the potential benefits of global markets, managers must constantly monitor the match between the firm’s products and markets in order to not overlook the needs of buyers. The benefit of servi ng customers with an adapted product may outweigh the benefit of a st andardized one. Unit 4:Globalization of production Globalization of production • The globalization of production refers to the dispersal of production activities to locations that help a company achieve its cost-minimi zation or quality-maximization objectives for a good or service. This inclu des the sourcing of key production inputs (such as raw material s or products for assembly) as well as the international outsourcing of se rvices. Benefits of Globalization of Production • Access lower-cost workers: Global production activities allow companies to reduce overall production costs through access to low-cost labor. • Access technical expertise: Companies also produce goods and service s abroad to benefit from technical know-how. • Access production inputs: Globalization of production allows companies to access resources that are unavailable or more costly at home . The quest for natural resources draws many companies into internation al markets. Unit 5:Cons of Globalization The Cons Of Globalization-Anti Globalists
• The UN Development Program reports that the richest 20 percent of the
world's population consume 86 percent of the world's resources while t he poorest 80 percent consume just 14 percent • It has made the rich richer while making the non-rich poorer. • Risk of technologies being copied or stolen. • Incursion of communicable diseases. • Unemployment and transfer of jobs to lower cost countries. • MNCs are accused of social injustice, unfair working conditions (including slave labor wages, living and working conditions) • Exploits workers in developing countries : Prisoners and child workers are used to work in inhumane conditions. Safety standards are ignored to produce cheap goods. There is also an increase in human trafficking • Lack of concern for environment, mismanagement of natural resources and ecological damage. • Effect on Culture Thank you