ACTIVITY 2:

BIOCHEMICAL
PROCESSES
1.
INTRODUCTION

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3
OSMOSIS

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SURFACE TENSION
× Surface tension is the tendency of
a liquid surface to contract. The
surface molecules feel an
unbalanced attraction and are
pulled inward.

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DIALYSIS
× Dialysis is a common biochemical
method of separation and
purification by selective passage of
ions and small molecules through a
semi-permeable membrane that will
not allow proteins to pass through.

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2.
RATIONALE
Rationale
× Cells are living unit of life that
builds up all life; materials that
cells need to survive have to get
in and waste molecules of the
cell have to get out.

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Rationale
× Balance forces inside the cell by
spreading water, nutrients, and
necessary chemicals from higher
concentration area to lower
concentration area.

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Rationale
× Dialysis keeps body
in balance through removing
waste, salt and extra water to
prevent them from building up in
the body.

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Objectives
× Differentiate biochemical
processes.
× Identify factors affecting
surface tension, diffusion,
osmosis, and dialysis.

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DATA
INTERPRETATION
 Table 1: Diffusion
Sample Reagent Added Time to
Produce
Uniform Color
10% CuSO4 1 m 20 s (not
distributed
Distilled Water properly)
(5mL)
10% Prussian 4.45 s
blue

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Interpretation
× Dye or food coloring has relative
density than water which means
that it tends to sink in the water
before diffusing. Cold water leads
to slower diffusion.
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 Table 2: Surface Tension
Sample Reagent Added Observation
Chloroform Layer is formed. No
Substituted with oil (1mL) coalescence 44.71 s
Distilled Water (3mL)  
 

Chloroform Substituted with oil+ No separation of layers.

soap solution Uniform phase. Only bubbles
Distilled Water   were formed. 49.75 s
 
Sulfur powder Sulfur powder Remains
  suspended on the surface of
Distilled Water   distilled. Did not dissolve
 
Sulfur powder Lesser particles of sulfur at
  the bottom. Dissolved.
Bile Solution  
 
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Interpretation
× Surface tension means a liquid has a
tendency to shrink into minimum
surface area which allows denser
objects than water to float.
× Water molecules having surface
tension makes the sulfur powder
float.
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 Table 3: Osmosis
Sample with Reagent
 
 
 
 

Defribinated Blood with  

0.9% NaCl solution  

 
 
 

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Table 3: Osmosis
Sample with Reagent
 
 
 
 

Defribinated Blood with  

0.1M NaCl solution  

 
 
 

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Table 3: Osmosis
Sample with Reagent
 
 
 
 

Defribinated Blood with  

1.0M NaCl solution  

 
 
 

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Table 3: Osmosis
Sample with Reagent
 
 
 
 

Defribinated Blood  
(control)  

 
 
 

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Interpretation
× Cell membranes are permeable
which allows certain materials
to pass through such as water
depending on the
concentration.

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Interpretation

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Table 4: Dialysis
Sample Reagent Added Observation
Dialysate + 25% Trichloroacetic Dialysate did not form
Acid cloudiness indicating no
proteins
Milk (control) formed
Test for Proteins cloudiness indicating the
presence of proteins
 

Dialysate + Fehling’s reagents Boiled for 1 to 2 mins.

Brick red precipitate
Indicates the presence of
sugar reduced forming the
Test for Sugars red precipitate or the
aldehyde 
 

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Interpretation

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Interpretation
× Aldehydes are oxidized, giving a positive
result.
× Red copper(I) oxide then precipitates
out of the reaction mixture, which
indicates a positive result.

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Interpretation
× Fehling's test can be used as a general
test for monosaccharaides. It will give a
positive result for aldose
monosaccharaides (due to the
oxidisable aldehyde group)

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ANSWERS
TO
QUESTIONS
 1. What are the
types of transport
processes by which
metabolites pass
through
biomembrane?

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Answer
× Passive and Active
Transport

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2. What is the effect of the
following on red blood
cells?
Hypotonic salt solution
Hypertonic salt solution
Isotonic salt solution

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31
3. How does the kidney
maintain the body’s
internal environment?

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Answer
× Regulates concentration and
volume of body fluids.
× Balance of salt ions in body fluids.
The kidneys remove wastes from
metabolisms such as urea, uric acid
by the production and secretion of
urine.
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4. Explain how soap
solution lowers the
surface tension of fats.

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Answer
× Soap being a surfactant weakens
chemical bonds holding proteins
and fats in solution.
× Soap being hydrophilic dissolves in
water and hydrophobic attaches to
fats.

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36
5. What is the role of
bile salts in fat
digestion?

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Answer
× Bile salts being a primary
component of bile emulsify fats
and break them down into smaller
particles giving enzymes greater
surface area to act on during
digestion of fats.

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Conclusion
× Diffusion, Surface Tension, Osmosis and
dialysis are just some of the many
biochemical processes that play great
roles in the survival of a living organisms.
× Concentration of a solution, temperature
as well as the time are some factors
affecting the biochemical processes.

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