SURVEYING-1

CIV21D

LECTURE #0

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
 DON’T KEEP CALM
COZ WE ARE GOING TO
STUDY SURVEY……..

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
 COURSE DESCRIPTION
L/T/P :- 2/0/0 BASIS OF THE EVALUATION
WILL BE:-
SO, WE WILL MEET TWO
TIMES IN A WEEK FOR THIS ATTENDANCE 05
SUBJECT. CA (two best of three) 25
MTE 20
ETE 50

“CA will be comprised of 2 tests and 1

home based assignment…..”

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
Evaluation: -
 Altogether there will be 2 tests and 1
innovative assignment that you will be
doing at your place.
 MTE will consist of 40 MCQs having one
mark each and a negative marking of 0.33
for every wrong answer.
 ETE will consist of 20 MCQs having 1 mark
each and 5 subjective questions having 10
marks each.

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
BOOKS TO BE FOLLOWED

SURVEYING-I BY
SURVEYING-I BY
Dr. B.C. PUNMIA
C.L. KOCHHAR
Surveying I. – Lecture 0
What is Surveying?

The art of making measurements of the relative positions of

natural and man-made features on the Earth’s surface, and
the presentation of this information either graphically or
numerically.

Since when?

The first surveying works date back to the antiquity, the

Greek provided the first account of surveying techniques.
Euclid founded the theoretical background for surveying by
the development of his geometry.

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
 Basic principles of Surveying

Recall the definition of Surveying:

The art of making measurements of the relative
positions of natural and man-made features on the Earth’s
surface, and the presentation of this information either
graphically or numerically.
The positioning is usually
How to achieve this? separated into horizontal (2D)
and vertical (1D) positioning.
Let’s determine the position (XP, YP) of point P!
Nowadays 3D positioning can
Absolute vs Relative positioning be achieved using satellite
XP techniques, too.
Y
dBP
P Control points
(known coords;
dAP B marked on the field)
YP (XB,YB)

A
(XA,YA)
l AB
X

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
 Basic principles of Surveying

Let’s determine the position of a third, unknown point (P).

We have two unknowns: XP, YP

We need two measurements: b

a
• two distances

Y
• one distance and an angle
P
• two angles

dBP

dAP
dAP b
B
(XB,YB)
a
a
A
(XA,YA)
X
 Classification of Surveying
According to the space involved:
Plane Surveying

• relatively small areas Note: The two radii can supposed to be

parallel, when the l(A,B) is small.
• surface of earth can supposed to be
flat
• measurements plotted represent a
horizontal projection of the actual
field measurements

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
 Classification of Surveying
Geodetic Surveying

Don’t forget! Size does matter!

• large areas
• surface of the Earth can not supposed to be flat
• the curvature of the Earth is taken into account

Mostly used for establishing control networks, determining the size and shape
of the Earth and determining the gravity field of the Earth.

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
 The role of Surveying in Civil Engineering Practice
Surveyors are needed:

• to maintain the geometric order during the

construction process

• to provide fundamental data for the design and

planning process

• to provide quantity control during the construction

process (for example: earthwork quantities)

• to monitor the structure after the construction

(subsidence, deformations, etc.)

Laying them in the appropriate geometry,

outstanding structures can be created!

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
 WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO
STUDY IN THIS COURSE??????
CHAIN SURVEYING

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
COMPASS SURVEYING

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
LEVELLING
PLANE TABLE SURVEYING

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
MODERN INSTRUMENTS
AND TECHNIQUES IN
SURVEYING
EXAMPLES :- TOTAL STATION,
DIGITAL THEODOLITE,
AUTO LEVEL etc.
WHY MODERNIZATION?????

 OBVIOUSLY TO REDUCE THE HUMAN EFFORT

AND TO DO THE WORK WITH HIGH
PRECISION……

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
 LETS SEE THE IMAGES OF SOME
MODERN SURVEY INSTRUMENTS…

Surveying I. – Lecture 0
AUTO LEVEL AND
LEVELLING STAFF Surveying I. – Lecture 0
DIGITAL THEODOLITE….
Surveying I. – Lecture 0
TOTAL STATION
Surveying I. – Lecture 0