AD HOC AND WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS – EC8702

Session by
Dr/L.RAJA, ASP/ECE

1
Agenda of the session

 Wireless Networks
 Adhoc Networks
 Applications
 Comparisons
 Challenges
 Types – Adhoc networks

2
Wireless Networks

3
 Wireless Networks
• Mobile wireless networks can be classified into two
types
Infrastructured networks
-Networks with fixed and wired gateways
-Bridges for these networks are known as base
stations
Infrastructureless mobile network (Ad-
hoc networks)
-No fixed routers.
- All nodes can move and can be connected
dynamically in an arbitrary manner.
- Each node acts as a router. It discovers and
maintains routes to other nodes.

4
5
Term ad hoc is a Latin word that literally means "for this,

6
7
8
MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS
• self-organizing, dynamic topology networks formed by group
of wireless mobile hosts.
• Individual host in networks cooperate by forwarding packets for
each other to allow nodes to communicate beyond direct
wireless transmission range.
• Without the help of any infrastructure, it is possible for the host
to communicate among themselves.
Need for Ad hoc Network
• It may not be physically possible for the establishment of the
infrastructure.
• It may not be practically economical to establish the
infrastructure.
• Expediency of the situation does not permit the installation of
the infrastructure.

9
 Applications
Some of the situations, which motivate the construction of Ad Hoc
networks, are
• A class of students may need to interact during a lecture.
• A group of people entering a conferencing room wants to communicate
with each other.
• A group of emergency rescue workers may need to be quickly deployed
after an earthquake or flood.
ADVANTAGES OF AD HOC NETWORK
• Ease of deployment.
• Speed of deployment.
• Decreased dependence of infrastructure.
• Robustness and flexibility.
• Support for mobility and scalability.

10
Cellular and Ad Hoc Wireless Networks (I)

Cellular Networks Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Fixed infrastructure-based Infrastructureless
Guaranteed bandwidth (designed for voice traffic) Shared radio channel (more suitable for best-effort
data traffic)
Centralized routing Distributed routing
Circuit-switched (evolving toward packet switching) Packet-switched (evolving toward emulation of circuit
switching)
Seamless connectivity (low call drops during Frequent path breaks due to mobility
handoffs)
High cost and time of deployment Quick and cost-effective deployment
Reuse of frequency spectrum through geographical Dynamic frequency reuse based on carrier sense
channel reuse mechanism
Easier to employ bandwidth reservation Bandwidth reservation requires complex medium
access control protocols
11
Cellular and Ad Hoc Wireless Networks (II)
Cellular Networks
Application domains include mainly civilian and
commercial sectors
High cost of network maintenance (backup power
source, staffing, etc.)
Mobile hosts are of relatively low complexity
Major goals of routing and call admission are to
maximize the call acceptance ratio and minimize
the call drop ratio
Widely deployed and currently in the third
generation of evolution
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
Application domains include battlefields, emergency
search and rescue operations, and collaborative
computing
Self-organization and maintenance properties are built
into the network
Mobile hosts require more intelligence (should have a
transceiver as well as routing/switching capability)
Main aim of routing is to find paths with minimum
overhead and also quick reconfiguration of broken
paths
Several issues are to be addressed for successful
commercial deployment even though widespread use
exists in defense
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Adhoc Network Types

26
 Quiz/Activity/Q&A – (Optional)
Ad hoc wireless networks are ______networks In wireless ad-hoc network ____
Infrastructure less Access point is must
Fixed Infrstructure based Access point is not required
Wire based Nodes are not required
All nodes are access points
Which IS NOT a benefit of a wireless network?
 Cheap - No cables
 More reliable than a wired network
 Cables don't restrict movement
 Less chance of getting tangled cable

Which of the following technologies enable wireless

ad-hoc networking
 ZigBee
 4G(LTE)
 All of the above
 None of these 27
Session Handler Details
Dr.L.Raja
raja.lece@sece.ac.in
76672410124

28