JUDAISM

T O R A H O P R L K J H G S
A L P P E N T A T E U C H Y
TORAH SABBATH
L W L K B S G B Q T Y K D N
TALMUD RABBI
PENTATEUCH GEMARA
M H R O R F E B W F N M S A
HEBREWS MISHNAH U A B R E D M I S H N A H G
HANUKKAH SUKKOT D K G E W G A K A U L A T O
SHAVUOT SYNAGOGUE Q K U D S H R L B B K K W G
PESACH PURIM W U O E M O A P B F W K Y U
R N T S N P E S A C H W O E
T A Y V G X F W T G L G T T
S H A V U O T R H P U R I M
 OBJECTIVES
• Explain the socio-political dynamics of Judaism.
• Identify the sacred scriptures of Judaism.
• Examine the 13 principles of faith.
• Identify the worship and observances of Judaism.
• Identify the worship and observances of Judaism.
• Examine the important days of Judaism.
• Identify the different types of Judaism.
• Explain the other important events in Judaism religion.
 JUDAISM
 An ancient monotheistic religion that
traces its origin as an organized belief
system during the Bronze Age in West
Asia.
 The religion of the Jewish people, Judaism
is one of three Abrahamic religions that
also include Christianity and Islam.
 The ancestors of the Jews were groups of
Semites called Hebrews whose origin can
be traced in the desert lands of Arabia
 JUDAISM
 The origin of the Jewish people and the
beginning of Judaism are recorded in the first
five books of the Hebrew Bible, the
Pentateuch.
 As a religion and culture, Judaism has three
notable founding figures or patriarchs,
namely, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
 These biblical patriarchs are the physical and
spiritual forebears of the Jewish people and
their narratives can be found in Genesis 12-
50 of their scripture.
 SOCIO-POLITICAL
DYNAMICS OF
JUDAISM

The Jewish concept of leadership based on the

Old Testament directs us to certain types of leadership, one of
which is kingship as the ideal form of government.
Thus, socio-political dynamics can also be described as
following the model of tribal federation in which various
tribes and institutions shared political power.
 SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The Jewish people have been called the “people

of the Book” in reference to the Hebrew Bible
(Tanakh or Mikra) that has been the authority,
guide, and inspiration of the many forms of
Judaism that have evolved throughout the
different periods of time and in various places.
Composed over a period of almost a thousand
years, collections within the Bible became
established in its full canonical form by the end
of the first century C.E.
 SACRED
SCRIPTURES

According to the Jewish tradition, the Hebrew

Bible is divided into three principal sections,
namely the Torah, Nevi’im, and Ketuvim.
The foundational text Torah (“Teaching”) is
composed of the first "Five Books” or the
Pentateuch traditionally believed to have been
authored by Moses through divine instruction in
Sinai. These include Genesis, Exodus,
Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.
 SACRED
SCRIPTURES

Apart from containing basic laws for

Jewish self-understanding, the
Pentateuch also narrates the history,
religious statues, and moral
regulations for individuals and
society, ceremonial rites and creation
stories by Yahweh, and the origin and
growth of mankind.
 SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The Nevi'im (“Prophets”) is subdivided

into Earlier Prophets, Later Prophets,
and twelve minor prophets. Prophets
served as spokespersons who criticize
the hypocritical practices of Jewish
rituals. They were specifically chosen
by God to preach his message to the
people.
 SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The Ketuvim (“Writings”) form the

third section of the Tanakh that
contains works on poetry, temple
ritual, private prayer,
philosophical explorations, and
other canonical works.
 SACRED
SCRIPTURES
Another sacred writing of Judaism is the
Talmud (or the "Oral Torah” which
means “study.” All studies and
interpretations done by Jewish rabbis or
teachers of the Torah are contained in
the Talmud. In short, the Talmud is an
authoritative collection of rabbinic
interpretations of the sacred
scriptures.
 SACRED
SCRIPTURES
It contains materials of law and moral
codes. Around the second century C.E this
oral law was compiled and written down as
Mishnah or a restatement of the law by a
respected opinion. The next few centuries
witnessed the writing of an additional strand
of commentaries in Jerusalem and
Babylonia about the Mishnah. Known as
Gemara, it includes legends, folklores, and
sayings.
 SACRED
SCRIPTURES
The Mishnah and Gemara comprise the
Talmud that was completed in the 5th
century C.E. Serving as the foundation for
all Jewish laws codes, the whole Talmud
contains 63 tractates that is often printed
over 6,200 pages long. Apart from being a
book of law, the Talmud is also a fountain
of religious thought and inspiration
similar to the Pentateuch.
 SACRED
SCRIPTURES

The Pentateuch is the single most important

scripture for the Jewish people that became the
source of their inspiration and direction for
centuries. It became the foundation of other
essential Jewish writings, such as the Talmud and
Mishnah. With all these codified laws and legal
materials, Judaism has become a religion of the law
and the Jews as the chosen people have shown
obedience to God's covenant throughout their long
and tumultuous history.
JUDAISM
 It is an ancient
monotheistic
religion that traces
its origin as an
organized belief JUDAISM
system during the
Bronze Age in
West Asia.
It is the first
five
books of the PENTATEUCH
Hebrew Bible.
The other term
for Hebrew TANAKH/
Bible. MIKRA
 The three Torah
principal
sections of Nevi’im
Hebrew Bible. Ketuvim
They are the
teachers of RABBIs
Torah.
It is the sacred
writing of
Judaism is the
or the "Oral TALMUD
Torah which
means
“study.”
 This oral
law was
compiled and MISHNAH
written down.
 An additional
strand
of commentaries
in Jerusalem and GEMARA
Babylonia about
the Mishnah.
ARTICLES OF
FAITH

Perhaps the closest approach in having an

acceptable creed in Judaism was proposed by the
eminent medieval Jewish philosopher Moshe ben
Maimon (also known as Rambam or Moses
Maimonides) during the latter part of twelfth
century C.E as an appendix to his commentary on
the Mishnah. According to Moshe ben Maimon, the
minimum requirements of Jewish belief as listed in
his thirteen principles of faith.
ARTICLES OF
FAITH
ARTICLES OF
FAITH

These statements of belief were eventually

constructed as credo with every article beginning
with “I believe" and then later versified, set to
music, and included in prayer books (Jurji 1946).
Though controversial when first formulated and
evoked much criticism or even disregarded for
many centuries, these principles are generally
accepted nowadays by the Jewish community.
Worship &
Observances
 The most important day in
the Jewish calendar is the SABBAT
Sabbath (or Shabbat) which
commemorates God's
completion of the creation of
H
the universe and his rest after
the six-day toil.
 This is the fourth law within
the Ten Commandments. It
begins a few minutes before
sunset on Friday and runs until
an hour after sunset on
Saturday or almost 25 hours to
be precise.
 At Friday sundown, Sabbath
candles are lighted and kiddush
("sanctification") is recited over
wine or grape juice. Children are
then blessed by their parents.
 Jews must abstain from work
and must study the Torah. Some
work prohibitions include
lighting fires, using money, and
writing. The Sabbath ends
through the symbolic ritual of
havdalah (“division") done by
dousing wine on candles and
smelling sweet spices.
 Tishri is the seventh month
in the ecclesiastical year of
DAYS OF
the Jewish calendar.
 The first ten days of Tishri
AWE
are called the “Days of Awe"
(Yamim Noraim) wherein the
first two days comprise the
New Year (Rosh Hashanah)
and the tenth day as the Day
of Atonement (Yom
Kippur).
 Rosh Hashanah marks the
start of the ten-day period of
penitence leading to the Yom
Kippur and is distinguished
from other days by blowing a
ram's horn trumpet (shofar)
in the synagogue and eating
apples dipped in honey which
is symbolic for a sweet new
year.
 Rosh Hashanah is also a
DAYS OF
day of judgement wherein
God assesses one's deeds and AWE
decides what lies ahead of
him or her in the following
year. These deeds are
recorded in the “Book of
Life" and sealed on Yom
Kippur. Work is not
permitted during the Rosh
Hashanah and Yom Kippur.
 Yom Kippur is the most
sacred and solemn day in the
Jewish calendar that brings
DAYS OF
the period of repentance to its
conclusion. AWE
 The eve of the day is called
Kol Nidrei (“all vows”)
which are the opening words
of a prayer. The words and
music of the Kol Nidrei are
said to be the most powerful
single item in the Jewish
liturgy.
 A day of fasting and praying
for absolution of one's sins, it
provides every Jew an
DAYS OF
opportunity for both personal
and communal repentance. AWE
 One must also refrain from
eating and drinking, even
water. Additional restrictions
include washing and bathing,
using perfumes, wearing
leather shoes, and engaging
in sexual relations.
JUDAISM
This important day
in the Jewish
calendar
commemorates
God's completion SABBATH/S
of the creation of
the universe and HABBAT
his rest after the
six-day toil.
The Sabbath ends
through this
symbolic ritual
done by dousing
wine on candles HAVDALAH
and smelling sweet
spices.
 The seventh
month in the
ecclesiastical
year of the TISHRI
Jewish calendar.
 It marks the
start of the
ten-day period ROSH
of penitence or
HASHANAH
the Jewish New
Year.
The most sacred
and solemn day
in the Jewish
calendar that
brings the period
YOM KIPPUR
of repentance to
its conclusion.
Pilgrimage of Festivals
 Pesach is an eight-day
festival that originally marked PESACH
the beginning of the barley
harvest. Its principal purpose
is to commemorate and
recreate the Exodus of the
Jews from Egypt. A festive
meal (seder) is celebrated
wherein the story of Exodus is
narrated by the heads of the
family to the children.
 Shavuot is a two-day
SHAVUO
festival that was originally
a celebration of the wheat
T
harvest. Presently, it is
now being held to
commemorate the
revelation of the Torah to
Moses at Mount Sinai.
 Sukkot is a nine-day festival
commemorating the autumn
harvest and the forty years of SUKKOT
the Israelites' stay in the desert
wilderness subsisting solely on
the bounty of God. Temporary
booths or structures (sukkah)
are built in homes with a roof
through which one can see the
stars in the sky. This is an
attempt to recreate Israelite life
in the desert.
Other Important Days
 HANUKK
Other important events in the
Jewish calendar include the
Hanukkah, Purim, and the
Independence Day of the
State of Israel.
AH
 Hanukkah ("Festival Life
and Hashanah of Lights” or
“Feast of Dedication”) is a
celebration to commemorate
the victory of Jewish
fighters against the Seleucid
Empire in 165 B.C.E.
Purim ("Feast of Esther”)
celebrates the deliverance PURIM
of the Jews during the
Persian Empire,
specifically from the
vizier Haman who wanted
to annihilate all Persian
Jews as recorded in the
Book of Esther.
SYNAGOG
UES
Synagogues are Jewish
temples of worship,
instruction, and
community fellowship
that contain separate
rooms designed for
specific activities, such
as praying and studying.
 WAILING
WALL
The Western Wall, or “Wailing
Wall”, is the most religious site
in the world for the Jewish
people. Located in the Old City
of Jerusalem, it is the western
support wall of the Temple
Mount.
 WAILING
WALL
Thousands of people journey to the
wall every year to visit and
recite prayers. These prayers are
either spoken or written down
and placed in the cracks of the
wall. The wall is divided into
two sections, one area for males
and the other for females. It is
one of the major highlights in
any tour of the Old City.
Types of Judaism
ORTHODOX
JUDAISM
They are typically known for
their strict observance of
traditional Jewish law and rituals.
For instance, most believe
Shabbat shouldn’t involve
working, driving or handling
money.
REFORM
JUDAISM
Considered a liberal category of
the religion that values ethical
traditions over strict observance
of Jewish laws. Followers
promote progressive ideas and
adaptation.
CONSERVATIVE
JUDAISM
Consider between Orthodox and
Reform Judaism. Typically,
conservative Jews honor the
traditions of Judaism while
allowing for some modernization.
RECONSTRUCT
IONIST
JUDAISM
This sect believes that
Judaism is a religious
civilization that’s constantly
evolving.
 SECULAR
HUMANISTIC
JUDAISM
Rabbi Sherwin Wine founded this
denomination of Judaism in 1963.
A movement believes that Judaism
was created by people to meet human
needs and meaningfully expressed by
celebrating human knowledge, power
and responsibility.
 MESSIANIC
JUDAISM
This modern movement combines the
beliefs of Judaism and Christianity.
Messianic Jews believe that Jesus
Christ was the Messiah but still follow
Jewish traditions.
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