MEDICATION

Types of Drug Preparation

 Aerosol spray or foam- a liquid or foam
deposited in a thin layer on the skin by air
pressure

 Aqueous Suspension- 1 or more drugs finely

divided in a liquid
Types of Drug Preparation
 Capsule- gelatinous container to hold a
drug in powder, liquid or oil form

 Cream- non-greasy, semisolid preparation

use on the skin

 Elixir- sweetened and aromatic solution of

alcohol used as vehicle for medicinal
agents
Types of Drug Preparation
 Extract- concentrated form of a drug
made from vegetables or animals
 Fluid Extract- alcoholic solution of a
drug from a vegetable source; most
concentrated of all liquid preparations
 Lotion- emollient liquid that may be a
clear solution, suspension, emulsion
used on the skin
Types of Drug Preparation
 Gel or jelly- clear translucent
semisolid that liquefies when
applied to the skin
 Liniment- oily liquid used on the
skin
 Lotion- emollient liquid that may
be a clear solution, suspension,
emulsion used on the skin
Types of Drug Preparation
 Lozenge (troche)- slat, round or oval
preparation that dissolves and releases a drug
when held in the mouth

 Ointment- semisolid preparation of 1 or

more drugs used for application to the skin
and mucous membrane
Types of Drug Preparation
 Paste- preparation like an ointment but
thicker and stiffer that penetrates the skin
less than an ointment

 Pill- 1 or more drug mixed with cohesive

material in oval, round or flattened
shapes

 Powder- finely ground drug/s; some are

used internally or externally
-in the form of suspension, capule
Types of Drug Preparation
 Suppository- 1 or several drugs mixed
with a firm base such as gelatin and
shaped for insertion into the body; base
dissolves gradually at body temp.
releasing the drug

 Syrup- aqueous sol. of sugar often used to

disguise unpleasant tasting drugs

 Tablet- powdered drug compressed into a

hard small disc; others are enteric coated
to prevent them from releasing in the
stomach
Types of Drug Preparation
 Tincture- alcoholic or water solution
prepared from drugs derived from
plants

 Transdermal patch- semipermeable

membrane shaped in the form of a
disk or patch that contains drugs to be
absorbed through the skin
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION

ORAL- most common; safe method; least expensive; most convenient route for
most of clients bec. the skin is not broken
CI: vomiting, gastric or intestinal suction or unconsciousness and unable to
swallow

SUBLINGUAL- under the tongue

-Nitroglycerine 

BUCCAL- pertaining to the cheeks; held in the mouth against the mucous
membrane of the cheek until the drug dissolves
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
PARENTERAL- by needle; main advantage is fast absorption
-use of sterile technique

Subcutaneous (hypodermic)
- 45 degrees angle to the skin
these areas are convenient and normally have a good blood
circulation
-common sites: outer aspect of the upper arm, the anterior
aspect of the thighs, abdomen, scapular areas of the upper back,
upper ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal phase

-Rotate the site: to prevent lipodystrophy (fat either breaks

down or builds up under the skin, causing lumps or indentations
that interfere with insulin absorption.)
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
 Intramuscular
-90 degrees angle to the skin
-intramuscular absorption route
is faster than SQ
-muscles usually take larger
volume of fluid without DORSOGLUTEAL VENTROGLUTEAL
discomfort than SQ
-as the size muscle decreases,
amount of medication that can be
safely injected also decreases
-medication that can irritate SQ
tissue may safely given to IM
VASTUS LATERALIS DELTOID
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
Intradermal- frequently indicated for allergy and
tuberculin test for vaccination
-15-degree angle to the skin
-not massaged because this medication may
disperse into the tissue or out through the needle
insertion

Intravenous- intravenous medications enters the

bloodstream directly
-use sterile technique
-appropriate when rapid action is required
-appropriate when medications are too irritating to
tissues to be given by other routes
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
TOPICAL- apply to a circumscribed surface area of the body
 Purposes:
 Decreasing itching/pruritus
 Lubricate and soften the skin
 To cause local vasodilation/ vasoconstriction
 Increase or decrease secretions from the skin
 Apply antibiotic or antiseptic to treat or prevent infection
MEDICATION ORDER
MEDICATION COMPUTATION
 MEDICATION COMPUTATION
1. The doctor orders Paracetamol 100mg, stock available is 250mg/5ml
How many cc would be administered?

2. The doctor orders Co-Amoxiclav 370 mg, the stock available is 457mg/5ml. How many cc
would be administered?

3. The doctor orders Fluimucil 80mg, the stock is 100mg/5ml. How many cc would be
administered?

4. The doctor orders Domperidone 5mg, the stock is 1mg/ml. How many cc would be
administered?

5. The doctor orders Paracetamol 75mg, the stock is 125mg/5ml. How many cc would be
administered?