METHODS OF EXPRESSION- COMPOSITIONS OF MIXTURES AND SOLUTIONS

How many moles of K2 CO3 will contain 117 kg K?

Solution:-

Basis : 117 Kg. of K

Atomic weight of K = 39

117
Atoms of K  39  3 katom

Each mole of K2CO3 contains 2 atoms of K.

2 atom of K = 1 mole of K2CO3

2 katom of K = 1 kmol of K2CO3

1
 Moles of K2CO3 = 2 3
= 1.5 kmol.

Find the equivalent weights of (1) HCl (2) NaOH (3) Na2CO3 and H2SO4.

Solution:-

(1) HCl:-

Mol. Weight of HCl = 1  1 + 1  35.5

= 36.5
Valence of HCl = 1.

Equivalent weight of HCl = 36.5

(2) NaOH:-

Molecular weight of NaOH = 1  23 + 1  16 + 1  1

= 40
Valence of NaOH = 1

40
Equivalent weight of NaOH = 1  40
(3) Na2CO3:-

Molecular weight of Na2CO3 = 2  23 + 1  12 + 3  16

= 106

Valence of Na2 CO3 = 2

106
Equivalent weight of Na2CO3 = 2  53.
(4) H2SO4:-

Molecular weight of H2SO4 = 2  1 + 1  32 + 4  16

= 98
Valence of H2SO4 = 2

98
Equivalent weight of H2SO4 = 2 49.

98 gms of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) are dissolved in water to prepare one litre of solution.
Find normality and molarity of solution.

Solution:-

Basis : One litre of solution

Amount of H2SC4 dissolved = 98 gm

Mol. Weight of H2SO4 = 98

98
Equivalent weight of H2SO4 = 2 49 .
98
Cm-equivalent of H2SO4 = 49 2

gm  equivalent of H2 SO 4
Normality (N) =
Volume of solution in litre
2
= 1 2

98
Moles of H2SO4 = 98 1.0 mol
A solution of caustic soda contains 20% NaOH by weight. The density of the solution is
1.196 kg/lit. Find the normality, molarity and molality of the solution.

Solution:-

Basis : 100 kg of solution

The solution contains 20 kg NaOH and 80 kg water (solvent)

Density of solution = 1.196 kg/lit.

100
Volume of Solution =  83.62 lit.
1.196
20
Moles of NaOH in solution = 40 0.5 k mol.
= 500 mol.

gram moles of NaOH

Molarity (M) =
Volume of solution in lit.
500
  5.98
83.52

For NaOH as valence = 1,

Equivalent weight = Molecular weight.

Therefore,

Normality [N] = Molarity (M) = 5.98

gram moles of NaOH
Molality =
kg. of solvent
500
=
80
= 6.25 mol/kg.moles of H SO
Molarity (M) = 2 4

Volume of solution in litre

1
= 1 = 1.
A mixture of CH4 and C2H6 has density 1.0 kg/m3 at 273K (0C) and 101.325 kPa pressure.
Calculate the mole % and weight % CH4 and C2H4 in the mixture.

Solution:-
Basis : 1 kg/m3 density of gas mixture at 273 K and 101.325 kPa.
P Mave
Density of gas mixture =  = RT
RT
 Mave =  . P
where  = 1
kg/m3
T = 273 K
P = 101.325 kPa
R = 8.31451 m3. kPa/kmol. K

8.31451 273
Mavg. = 1 
101.325

= 22.4

Let xCH and x C H be the mole fractions of CH4 and C2 H6 respectively.

4 26

Mavg =  Mixi  MCH .xCH  MC H .xC H

4 4 2 6 2 6

22.4 = 16 xCH  30xC H ….(1)

4
2 6

xi = 1
x 4
 xC 2H6 1 ….(2)
CH
 1 xCH4 ….(3)
x C 2H6

Put the value of x c H from equation (3) in equation (1) and solve for xCH .
2 6
4

22.4 = 16x C H4  30 1 x CH 4 

xCH = 0.543
4

 = 0.457
x C 2H6

Mole % of CH4 = xCH 100  0.543 100

4

= 54.3

Mole % of C2H6= 0.457  100

 = 45.7

Weight of CH4 in 1 kmol mixture = 0.543  16

= 8.69 kg

Weight of C2H6 in 1 kmol mixture = 0.457  30

= 13.71 kg.

Weight of gas mixture = 22.4 kg

8.69
Weight % of CH4 in mixture = 100
22.4

= 38.8

Weight % of C2H6 in mixture = 100 – 38.8

= 61.2

A solution of NaCl in water contains 230 g of NaCl per litre at 200C. The density of the
solution at this temperature is 1.148g/cc. Find the composition in (a) weight% (b) volume
% of water (c) mole% (d) atomic % (e) molality and (f) g Nacl / g water.