Bernoulli’s Equation

Example
 2. Flow Through a Vertical Nozzle
 
Water flows upwards through a short
convergent pipe, the dimensions of which are
given in the figure.
(2)0.025
(2) 0.025
m m

Calculate the pressure difference, p, between

0.3 m
the inlet and outlet of the pipe when the flow
rate, , of water is 5x10-3 m3s-1. (1) 0.075 m

(1) 0.075 m
(Dimensions (1) and (2) are diameters).
 Flow Through a Vertical Nozzle
Want to find: p2 – p1 = ∆p
  (2)0.025
(2) 0.025
m m

0.3 m

Given: z2 – z1 = 0.3 m,
(1) 0.075 m
= 5x10-3 m3s-1
(1) 0.075 m
D1= 0.075 m, D2 = 0.025 m
ρwater = 1000 kg m-3

Then we must state our assumptions:

1D, steady state, inviscid and incompressible flow

Apply Bernoulli’s equation to the inlet (1) and outlet (2) of the pipe
 Flow Through a Vertical Nozzle
Using Bernoulli’s equation:

1 p2  p1 (2)0.025
(2) 0.025
m m
0 ( C  C )  g( z2  z1 ) 
2 2
2 2 1
2 0.3 m

 
Find C1 and C2 from the Continuity Equation: (1) 0.075 m

(1) 0.075 m
hence = 1.13 m s-1
and = 10.19 m s-1
 Flow Through a Vertical Nozzle
Using Bernoulli’s equation:
1 p2  p1 (2)0.025
(2) 0.025
m m
0 ( C  C )  g( z2  z1 ) 
2 2
2 2 1
2 0.3 m

1 p2  p1
0 ( 10.9  1.13 )  g  0.3 
2 2
2 2 (1) 0.075 m

(1) 0.075 m

As we are using gauge, p1 =0

1 p2
0 ( 10.9  1.13 )  g  0.3 
2 2
2 2
 Flow Through a Vertical Nozzle
Using Bernoulli’s equation:
(2)0.025
(2) 0.025
m m
1 p2
0 ( 10.9  1.13 )  g  0.3 
2 2
2  0.3 m
2

Rearranging and changing signs:

 
(1) 0.075 m

p2   2 1 ( 1.132  10.9 2 )  g  0.3 (1) 0.075 m

2
Substituting:

Equals 
p2  1000 1 ( 1.132  10.92 )  9.81  0.3
2

p2 = -61709 Pa = -62 kPa.