INTRODUCTION

IN
PRACTICAL RESEARCH
2
Prepared by: Ms. Ma. Harvie B.Bachicha
4 PICS 1 WORD
RESEARCH
INFORMATION
STEPS
RESPONDENTS
STATISTICAL
METHOD
Or
Scientific Method
RESEARCH AND INQUIRY
◦ Inquiry is a learning process that motivates you to obtain knowledge or information
about people, things, places, or events.
◦ Research – The word research was coined from the French word “chertier” which
means seek. The prefix “re” means to repeat. Literally, research is to repeat looking
for something. Research signifies finding the truth again about ideas and problems
which were in existence before in different perspective.
◦ Research is the systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to
establish facts and reach new conclusions (Walker, 2010).
Quantitative Research

The purpose of any scientific inquiry is to add to a body of

knowledge that helps explain, predict, or control events of
interest in the domain. 
Quantitative approach designs and examines
social phenomena through quantifiable
evidence, and often relies on statistical
analysis of many causes to create valid and
reliable general claims.
 Quantitative Research
The overall goal of quantitative
research is to convey numerically
what is being seen in the research
and to arrive at specific and
observable conditions.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

1.The data are usually gathered using

more structured instrument.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

2.The results are based on larger samples

sizes that are representative of the
population.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

3.The research study can usually be

replicated or repeated, give its high
reliability.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

4.The researcher has a clearly defined

research question to which objective
answers are sought.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

5. All aspects of the study are carefully

designed before the data are collected.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

6. Data are in the form of numbers and

statistics.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

7. Project can be used generalize

concepts more widely, predict future
results, or investigate causal relationship.
  TYPES OF
VARIABLES
TYPES OF VARIABLES

 A variable is something that can take on different values for

different subjects in a given research.
TYPES OF VARIABLES

Dependent Variable
The variable that depends on other factors that are measured. These variables are expected to
change as a result of an experimental manipulation of the independent variable or variables. It is
the presumed effect.
◦ Dependent variables are variables that depend on or are influenced by the independent
variables.
◦ They are outcomes or results of the influence of the independent variable.
TYPES OF VARIABLES

◦ Independent Variable
The variable that is stable and unaffected by the other variables
you are trying to measure. It refers to the condition of an
experiment that is systematically manipulated by the investigator.
It is the presumed
Research cause.
Question Independent Dependent
variable(s) variable(s)
How does phone The amount of Number of hours of
use before bedtime phone use before sleep Quality of
affect sleep? bed sleep
TYPES OF VARIABLES

Qualitative Variable or Categorical Variable

These are variables whose data are non-numeric and whose observation vary in
kind but not in degree.

Examples: gender male or female

religion- Roman Catholic, Isla, etc
civil status- single, married 
Cont..

Quantitative Variable or Continuous Variable These are variables

whose data are counts or numerical measurements and whose observations vary
in magnitude.
Examples:
age, income, number of children, height, weight
ASSESSMENT:
Think of a Problem and think of 5 Sub- problems regarding to your chosen topic. (Format to
follow. )
Example: Topic: Early Pregnancy

Main Problem 5 Sub- Problems

Lack of Education Abortion
Poverty
Employment
Racism
Malnutrition
 REFERENCES:
• nheru/practical-research-2-
quantitative-research-
78146377

THANK YOU FOR • amorricarto/practical-

research-2

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