Chapter 1.

Reasons for choosing the topic

IN THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION OF

THE COUNTRY, THE CONSTRUCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURES, TRAFFIC
WORKS, HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS... IS VERY IMPORTANT.
THEREFORE, MACHINERY PLAYS A VERY IMPORTANT AND
INDISPENSABLE ROLE IN THESE WORKS. THAT'S WHY I CHOSE THE
TOPIC OF BULLDOZERS FOR MY PRESENTATION
 Chapter 2. Main content

2.1. Universal bulldozer

2.1.1. Bulldozer concept and history
- A bulldozer is a tractor fitted with a working device that is a bulldozer blade.
This is a type of land construction machine that follows a series of earthworks,
transporting soil with a scraper (bulldozer), spreading soil on leveling ground.
- Bulldozers were invented by James Cummings and j Earl McLeod in 1923.
At first bulldozers were just a blade attached to the front of a tractor. Because
of this, the blade is very limited in movement as it cannot be raised and
lowered and can only be adjusted manually. Over the years, the blade part was
mounted on the base machine and added hydraulic cylinders into a machine
called "bulldozer". Due to the increasingly complex work demands, bulldozers
are increasingly improved in modernity and technology. technology like today
 2.1.2. Uses of the ironing machine
Bulldozer is an important machine in the construction of works in traffic,
irrigation, mining... because the machine has a simple structure, high productivity,
and maneuverability that can do many jobs.
The bulldozer can do some of the following jobs:
- Preparing for works such as: uprooting trees, cleaning the site, peeling vegetation
for mining,...
- Excavation and backfilling works with the height and depth of the foundation is >
2m
- Shaping the road surface, leveling the surface of the work, smoothing the slope,
creating a height difference
- Ironing or leveling materials such as crushed stone, sand, gravel, etc
- In addition, the machine also performs many other tasks such as pulling and pushing
other vehicles to move, installing additional work sets to perform many other
2.1.3. Classification of bulldozers

+ According to power and traction:

- Very heavy type: Aapacity over 300 hp; pulling force > 30T
- Heavy type: Capacity from 150-300 hp; pulling force 20-30T
- Average: Power from 75-150 hp; pulling force 13.5-20T
- Light type: Power from 35-75 hp; traction force 2.5-13.5T
- Very light type: Power up to 35 hp; pulling force 2.5T
+ According to the control system:

- Mechanical control
- Hydraulic control
 + Follow the mover:
a, Crawler type
-Better movement speed so that it can move
in a working location to other
working location easily.
-We don’t need to use any loading
equipment to bring this bulldozer type
into the working location.
-Huger output, especially when the working
project needs fast movement.
-The exhaust factor of the operator is
smaller.
-Less damage on the road surface especially
for the highway road.
 b, Wheel type

- Huger thrust, especially when it is used in soft condition area,

such as the
muddy soil or loose soil.
- Better operated on the rocky soil or area, despite of the
probability of tire
huge damage.
- Better operated on the rough soil. This way can reduce the
road maintenance
cost.
- Bigger buoyancy. Since it has bigger ground contact, the
wheel pressure
becomes wider and small.
- The utilization of this bulldozer is more flexible and wider for
any types of area.
+ According to the structure of the iron blade:

- Normal ironing machine

- Universal bulldozer
2.2. Structure and working principle of bulldozer
2.2.1. Structure

Bulldozer composed of a blade, track and engines. The base of the bulldozer is composed of
fabricated steel plates and casting frame and undercarriage. The cab contains rubber, plastics and
glasses. The power source of the dozer may depend on the type of engine. The rotating twin
tracks and the vertical steel blade of the bulldozer make the equipment easy to move. The blade
is used to push loads from one place to another and it weighs up to 7,264 kilograms. It is attached
to the frame by an extended lever arm that can be moved up and down and inclined using
hydraulic power. Instead of using wheels, bulldozer is equipped with a huge flexible track. More
bulldozers have a built-in elevated sprocket which suspends the power train that makes the
bulldozer’s movement more flexible especially on rough terrain and slope area. Power train
contains the differential, transmission and gears that revolve the track. The power train is
attached to the crankshaft that will transmit power to lift the sprocket gear. Self-regulating
steering wheel is used to rotate the sprocket at full power while the other is slowly rotating as the
bulldozer is revolving.
1 – Blade lift cyleinder
2 – Blade
3 – Cutting edge
4 – Crawler tractor
5 – Shovel tip
6 – Ripper
7 – Ripper cylider
 2.2.1. Working principle

When working, let the machine move forward,

lower the bulldozer blade so that the blade hits the
excavated ground, the soil will be cut and gradually
accumulate in front of the bulldozer and when it is
necessary to move the soil mass away, we proceed
control to raise the bulldozer blade to a certain level
but not yet exit the excavation (for the purpose of
digging a little more to compensate for the amount
of soil lost when the machine is digging while
moving). If we want to spread the transported soil
evenly, we control to raise the bulldozer blade from
the excavation to the desired thickness and continue
to move the machine forward.
Chapter 3. Conclusion

In summary, bulldozers play an important role in the construction of

infrastructures, roads, bridges, etc. It helps the country to develop more and more.
Through the essay, I have presented the use, classification and working
principle of bulldozers. Hopefully, through the above article, everyone will know
more about bulldozers and its importance in construction