1) Varaz Chaniago

2) Vicka Zahara Firdaus

3) Vina Nur Sholikhah
4) Zidan Abdul Gani
“Auditory System”
 “SENSATION”
“A process by which our sensory
receptors and nervous system
receive and represent stimulus
energy.”
“Auditory System”
“The auditory system is a
body system that is responsible
for the sense of hearing.”
 “Subsystem”

The peripheral auditory system:-

• It contain outer ear, middle ear and inner ear.

The central auditory system:-

• It is from the cochlear nucleus up to the
primary auditory cortex.
 “Ear”

Outer Middle
ear ear

Inner
ear
 “Outer ear”
 External portion of the ear.
 It consist of pinna, or
auricle, and the ear
canal.
 The outer ear's main task is to
gather sound energy and amplify
sound pressure.
 “Middle
ear”
 It begins with the eardrum at the end of
the ear canal.
 It has three tiny bones called ossicles.
 It acts as a gatekeeper protecting it from
damage by loud sound.
 “Inner
ear”
 The inner ear contains the sensory organs for
hearing and balance.
 The cochlea is a bony structure shaped like a
snail and filled with fluids.
 The function of the cochlea is to transform
mechanical sound waves into electrical or neural
signals for use in the brain.
 “The Process of Hearing”
 Hearing begins with pressure waves hitting the
auditory canal and ends when the brain perceives
sounds.
 waves travel along the auditory canal until they
reach the ear drum which vibrates in response.
 The vibrations of the ear drum cause oscillations in
the ossicles , the last of which sets the fluid in the
cochlea in motion.
 The cochlea separates sounds according to their
place on the frequency spectrum.
 “The Process of Hearing”
 Hair cells in the cochlea perform the transduction
of these sound waves into afferent electrical
impulses.
 Auditory nerve fibers connected to the hair cells
form the spiral ganglion, which transmits the
electrical signals along the auditory nerve and
eventually on to the brain stem.
 The brain responds to these separate frequencies
and composes a complete sound from them.
 “Sound Localization”
 Ability to judge or estimate where a
sound originates, called sound
localization.
 Humans are able to hear a wide variety of
sound frequencies, from approximately 20
to 20,000 Hz.
 Since each ear lies on an opposite side of the
head, a sound reaches the closest ear first,
and the sound's amplitude will be in that ear.
“HEARING IMPAIRMENT”
“Any loss or abnormality of
psychological, physiological structure or
function.”
 “Causes of Hearing
Impairment”

1)Diseases. 2)Aging.

4)Occupational
3)Heredity.
noise.
“Diseases”
 “Aging”

• Born with hearing

Pre-lingual
loss.

Post-lingual • Develops after the

acquisition of speech.
 “Types of Hearing
Impairment”
Hearing
Impairment

Nerve/
Conductive.
sensorineural.
 “ Conductive Hearing
Impairment”
Conduction hearing impairment means
that sound vibrations cannot be passed
from the eardrum to the cochlea.
 These type of deafness can be from birth,
or may be caused by the damage to ear
from injury or infection.
 Conductive hearing impairment can
be diagnosed.
 “Nerve Hearing Impairment
”
 In nerve hearing impairment, the problem
lies either in the inner ear or in the auditory
pathways and cortical areas of the brain.
 95% hearing loss can be caused in
nerve hearing impairment.
 Nerve hearing impairment can't
be Diagnosed.
 “Symptoms”

Frequently asking
Muffling of Avoidance of
others to speak
speech and other some social
more slowly,
sounds. settings.
clearly and loudly.
“Psychological effects”
Depression.

Anxiety.

Shame, guilt and anger.

Worry and frustration.

Insecurity.

Embarrassment.
 “Conclusion”
The ear responds to pressure waves in the air gathered by the
outer ear and directed down the auditory canal to the tympanic
membrane or eardrum. Movements of the eardrum are
amplified by a chain of three tiny bones in the middle ear: the
ossicles. The cochlea of the inner ear is the part of the
auditory system responsible for transduction (conversion of
energy from one form to another). The cochlea converts
movements of the oval window into standing waves along the
cochlear membranes. Hair-like cells along the membranes
respond to the movement. They produce nerve impulses that
are sent to the brain along the auditory nerve. Normal adults
hear frequencies from about 20-20,000 Hz (or, with advancing
age, about 50-15,000 Hz).