NSTP 12/CWTS

Module 4
Climate Change and Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management
 CLIMATE CHANGE
  the most pressing issues that the world is now
facing
 the result of the interplay of natural and
human related activities
 becoming a global concern because the
consequences are now within our midst -
urgently calling everyone to address on our
environment and our lives
 refers to the changes taking place in the earth's
climate
 any long term, significant change in the
expected patterns of average weather of a
specific
 Climate change is a phrase used to describe
significant changes in weather patterns on a
global scale caused by global warming. Global
warming refers to the overall increase in the
earth’s average temperature (approximately
one degree Fahrenheit since the late 1800s).
While a one degree increase in the earth’s
average temperature may sound small, it is
causing big changes in our climate. The effects
include changes in rainfall patterns, more
severe storms, melting glaciers, rising sea
levels, heat waves, droughts and habitat loss.
CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION
The vast majority of vehicles on the road (and in the
air and water) are powered via fossil fuels, such as
gasoline. As they burn this fuel to power their engines,
these vehicles release carbon and other pollutants,
affecting both air and water quality.
Greenhouse gases trap heat within the atmosphere,
which causes global temperatures to rise. It’s this
increase in global temperatures that, without
intervention, will cause the worldwide catastrophe
warned of in the IPCC report. It’s not hard to
understand why transportation is such a huge
contributor to global warming once you understand
just how much we drive.
INDUSTRIALIZATION
 The transition of economies from primarily
farming-based to primarily industrial is likely to
have been the earliest cause of the rampant
global warming we see today. Research suggests
global warming was kicked off partly by the
Industrial Revolution in the U.S. and other
countries, which occurred in the mid-19th
century.
 While these changes took place in the United
States and Europe nearly two centuries ago, other
global economies are starting to emerge today,
further contributing to industrialization and
related pollution.
DEFORESTATION
 Millions of acres of forest are cleared every year, whether to
harvest wood for making lumber or paper, to clear land for
farming and ranching or to make way for residential and
industrial areas.
 Forests store enormous amounts of carbon, essentially removing
it from the air and preventing it from being absorbed into the
atmosphere, and this is especially true of rainforests, which are
even more endangered than other areas. In addition to losing the
natural air-scrubbing function of trees, deforestation decreases
biodiversity, which can cause ripple effects throughout entire
ecosystems, putting whole species at risk.
 39 million acres
 Tree cover loss experienced in the tropics in 2017; that’s
equivalent to losing 40 football fields’ worth of trees every
minute for a whole year.
 Biggest contributors to forest loss
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
 Ranching contributes to climate change in a
few ways. In addition to clearing trees to
make room for large areas adequate for the
care and feeding of animals for food, these
animals create a huge amount of waste,
which produces methane, a very harmful
greenhouse gas. Consumption of meat and
meat products is expected to continue
growing, even doubling by 2050, according to
one projection.
FACTORY FARMING
 The industrialization of agriculture takes the
potential negative effects of livestock
production and amplifies them. While organic
farming can have a positive impact on global
warming by reducing carbon through the
growth of crops, large-scale, industrialized
farming negates the positive impact of organic
food and animal production.
 These large-scale animal-producing farms,
known as concentrated animal feeding
operations (CAFOs) have risen sharply in
recent years.
CONSUMERISM
 Our need to have the latest gadget and get it delivered right
now, in addition to a culture where disposability is seen as a
positive, is a major contributor to global warming. This bent
toward consumerism has ripple effects around the world.
 The products used by humans contribute to more than 60
percent of greenhouse gas emissions and as much as 80
percent of total land, water and material use. In addition to
the energy it takes to produce all the stuff we buy, keeping
it going and using it to its fullest requires even more energy.
 1%
 Share of greenhouse emissions from building and maintaining
smartphones, computers and data centers, 2007
 14%
 Share of greenhouse emissions from these sources by 2040
OVERUSE OF ELECTRICITY
 The gasoline your car burns was made using
fossil fuels, which is how most people get their
electricity as well. In the U.S., electricity
generation is tied as the biggest greenhouse gas
contributor, accounting for 28 percent.
 68%
 Electricity in the U.S. that comes from fossil
fuels, mostly coal and natural gas
 50
 Number of devices in average American
household that still draw power when turned off
OVERFISHING
 Hundreds of millions of jobs around the world
center on fishing, and about 3 billion people
depend on fish as their main source of protein
from food. But just as with most industries,
humans have created too much of a good thing,
and overfishing is putting the oceans at risk.
 Human population growth and resulting
overfishing are depleting natural marine stocks,
which impacts the health and biodiversity of
the entire ocean.
 Global share of marine stock fished to within
sustainable levels
USE OF AEROSOLS
 Though some forms of aerosols have been
banned in many countries, other forms of them
still are in wide use. These products are loaded
with greenhouse gases, including CO 2 and
methane, as well as chlorofluorocarbons,
which erode the ozone layer.
 Production of aerosols has actually increased
throughout the world, with most aerosols being
produced in Europe.
 Aerosol production by region or country
(millions of units, 2017)
INABILITY TO CHANGE
 Even if we addressed every single other issue on
this list today, the impact of human-caused global
warming will remain for decades, if not centuries.
The magnitude of the issue is, quite simply, too
difficult for many of us to comprehend. So, many of
us think, if we can’t truly fix this issue, what’s the
point of even trying? After all, it’s our very inaction
that has caused or worsened many of these issues.
 But humans are capable of change, as shown by the
reduction in fuel combustion emissions seen in
many countries since the early 2000s, including the
United States, and by evolving public attitudes
toward climate change and our role in it.
PHILIPPINE COMMITMENT TO CLIMATE
ACTION

To meet its national development goals and

international commitments, the government
established crucial legal and institutional
frameworks for climate mitigation and
adaptation in the country. Guided by these laws
and strategies, climate change mitigation and
disaster risk reduction measures have been
included in the Philippine Development Plan for
2017-2022.
CLIMATE CHANGE ACT OF 2009
 The Climate Change Act of 2009, or Republic Act 9729,
established the Climate Change Commission (CCC) under the
Office of the President.
 The CCC is the principal climate policymaking authority
tasked to coordinate, monitor, and evaluate the programs
and action plans of the government related to climate
change.
 The CCC led the development of the National Framework
Strategy on Climate Change and the National Climate Change
Action Plan to guide the government in managing climate
risk and vulnerability, and determining appropriate
adaptation and mitigation measures for the country.
 In 2012, the Climate Change Act was amended by Republic
Act 10174, establishing the People’s Survival Fund (PSF) to
provide long-term climate financing for local government
units and people’s organizations’ climate adaptation
initiatives. The PSF was given Php1 billion, to be replenished
annually.
NATIONAL FRAMEWORK STRATEGY ON CLIMATE
CHANGE
 The National Framework Strategy on Climate Change
(NSFCC) lays the foundation for national and local
government policies toward a climate-resilient
Philippines with healthy, safe, prosperous and self-
reliant communities, and thriving and productive
ecosystems.
 The NFSCCC is risk-based: strategies and decisions shall
be made based on the causes, magnitude, and impact of
risks. It also promotes anticipatory adaptation measures
to minimize the potential impacts of climate change.
 Adaptation is the anchor strategy, and mitigation actions
shall be pursued as a function of adaptation. It adopts
the Philippine Agenda 21 for Sustainable Development.
NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN
 The National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) outlines the
Philippine agenda for adaptation and mitigation for 2011 to 2028.
 It focuses on public financing that prioritizes adaptation for
vulnerable and marginalized communities, and policymaking that
encourages the private sector to optimize mitigation
opportunities toward sustainable development.
 The NCCAP has seven key outcomes:
1. food security
2. water sufficiency
3. ecological and environmental sustainability
4. human security
5. climate-friendly industries and services
6. sustainable energy
7. knowledge and capacity development.
 
ROLES OF LGU'S TO CLIMATE CHANGE

 The Climate Change Act states that the local Government

Units (LGUs) shall be the one frontline agencies in the
formulation, planning and implementation of climate change
action plans in their respective areas, consistent with the
provisions of the Local Government Code, the Framework,
and the National Climate Change Action Plan. Barangays shall
be directly involved with municipal and city governments in
prioritizing climate change issues and in identifying and
implementing best practices and other solutions.
 The call to change is a call to become more nurturing, not
only of each other, but also of the earth. Mother nature is
telling us that she needs loving care and protection. Nature is
reminding us that she is "dying" and that her survival lies in
our hands and I  opening out hearts and minds to nurture her
more deeply now.
WAYS TO MITIGATE THE EFFECTS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
 Conserve Energy
 
 Segregate household materials (such as newspapers and
bottles), then recycle or sell the materials segregated.
Avoid the use of plastic or disposable products.
 
 Use public transport and cleaner, more efficient cars
(carpool or join a carpool). Motor vehicles are
responsible for about 1/3 of carbon dioxide (CO₂)
emissions. Every gallon of gasoline burned puts 25 pounds
on CO₂ into the atmosphere, and we can boost the
overall fuel efficiency of our car as much as 30% by
improving the vehicle fuel efficiency through practicing
fuel efficiency driving .
 Replace incandescent bulbs with compact
fluorescent bulbs (CFLs). Incandescent bulbs
consume five times more energy than CFLS,
but produce the same amount of illumination. 
 Buy energy efficient appliances and reduce
the energy used for cooling such as air
conditioners. Look at the label (energy
efficient rating or EER). Remove the plug of
appliances when not in use .
 Conserve water. Use rainwater for plants or
for cleaning the garden .
 Plant trees or vegetable in your backyard or garden and promote
the use of organic fertilizers.
 
 Use renewable/alternative energy such as solar power. More
funding is required for research and development of alternative,
pollution-free energy sources such as solar, wave, and wind
energy .
 
 Elect political leaders (on the local and national levels) who
support sound ecology, peace principles, and programs.
 
 Simplify lifestyle that supports environmental conservation.

 Encourage family planning to control overpopulation.

 
 Advocate all the aforementioned ways in
communities/barangays, offices, corporations, hospitals,
schools, welfare agencies, etc .
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT (DRRM)
Understanding the DRRM Concepts:
-adaptation
-capacity
-civil defense
-Civil Society Organizations or “CSOs”
-Climate change.
-Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management or “CBDRRM”
-Complex Emergency
-Contingency Planning.
-Disaster
-Disaster Management
-Disaster Mitigation
-Disaster Preparedness
-Disaster Prevention
-Disaster Response
-Disaster Risk
-Disaster Risk Reduction
-Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Information System
-Disaster Victims.
-Early recovery
-Early Warning System
-Emergency
-Emergency Management
-Exposure
-Hazard
-Internally Displaced persons (IDPs) or Persons
Displaced by the Disaster
-Land Use Planning
- National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Framework or "NDRRM Framework
- National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan" or "NDRRMP“
- Post-Disaster Recovery
-Preparedness
-Private Sector
- Public Sector Employees
- Rehabilitation
- Resilience
- Response
-Risk
-Risk assessment
-Risk Management
-Risk Transfer
-State of Calamity
- Sustainable Development
-Volunteer
-Vulnerability
-Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups
-
POST TASK: 25-POINT QUIZ
Environmental Sustainability. At the end of
the activity, the participants should be able
to :
-build environmental sustainability
putting up an ecological desk in
the barangay ;
-advocate social change through the
proposed ecological programs
-slogan
 https://www.reusethisbag.com/articles/10-
human-causes-of-global-warming